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See Release Notes

  • Bug fixes for general core bugs in 3.10.x will end 8 November 2021 (12 months).
  • Bug fixes for security issues in 3.10.x will end 9 May 2022 (18 months).
  • PHP version: minimum PHP 7.2.0 Note: minimum PHP version has increased since Moodle 3.8. PHP 7.3.x and 7.4.x are supported too.

Differences Between: [Versions 310 and 311] [Versions 310 and 400] [Versions 310 and 401] [Versions 310 and 402] [Versions 310 and 403] [Versions 39 and 310]

   1  <?php
   2  // This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
   3  //
   4  // Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   5  // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   6  // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   7  // (at your option) any later version.
   8  //
   9  // Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10  // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11  // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  12  // GNU General Public License for more details.
  13  //
  14  // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  15  // along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  16  
  17  /**
  18   * A trait containing functionality used by the behat base context, and form fields.
  19   *
  20   * @package    core
  21   * @category   test
  22   * @copyright  2020 Andrew Nicols <andrew@nicols.co.uk>
  23   * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
  24   */
  25  
  26  use Behat\Mink\Element\NodeElement;
  27  use Behat\Mink\Element\Element;
  28  use Behat\Mink\Exception\DriverException;
  29  use Behat\Mink\Exception\ExpectationException;
  30  use Behat\Mink\Exception\ElementNotFoundException;
  31  use Behat\Mink\Exception\NoSuchWindowException;
  32  use Behat\Mink\Session;
  33  use Facebook\WebDriver\Exception\ScriptTimeoutException;
  34  use Facebook\WebDriver\WebDriverBy;
  35  use Facebook\WebDriver\WebDriverElement;
  36  
  37  // NOTE: no MOODLE_INTERNAL test here, this file may be required by behat before including /config.php.
  38  
  39  require_once (__DIR__ . '/component_named_replacement.php');
  40  require_once (__DIR__ . '/component_named_selector.php');
  41  
  42  // Alias the Facebook\WebDriver\WebDriverKeys class to behat_keys for better b/c with the older Instaclick driver.
  43  class_alias('Facebook\WebDriver\WebDriverKeys', 'behat_keys');
  44  
  45  /**
  46   * A trait containing functionality used by the behat base context, and form fields.
  47   *
  48   * This trait should be used by the behat_base context, and behat form fields, and it should be paired with the
  49   * behat_session_interface interface.
  50   *
  51   * It should not be necessary to use this trait, and the behat_session_interface interface in normal circumstances.
  52   *
  53   * @package    core
  54   * @category   test
  55   * @copyright  2020 Andrew Nicols <andrew@nicols.co.uk>
  56   * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
  57   */
  58  trait behat_session_trait {
  59  
  60      /**
  61       * Locates url, based on provided path.
  62       * Override to provide custom routing mechanism.
  63       *
  64       * @see Behat\MinkExtension\Context\MinkContext
  65       * @param string $path
  66       * @return string
  67       */
  68      protected function locate_path($path) {
  69          $starturl = rtrim($this->getMinkParameter('base_url'), '/') . '/';
  70          return 0 !== strpos($path, 'http') ? $starturl . ltrim($path, '/') : $path;
  71      }
  72  
  73      /**
  74       * Returns the first matching element.
  75       *
  76       * @link http://mink.behat.org/#traverse-the-page-selectors
  77       * @param string $selector The selector type (css, xpath, named...)
  78       * @param mixed $locator It depends on the $selector, can be the xpath, a name, a css locator...
  79       * @param Exception $exception Otherwise we throw exception with generic info
  80       * @param NodeElement $node Spins around certain DOM node instead of the whole page
  81       * @param int $timeout Forces a specific time out (in seconds).
  82       * @return NodeElement
  83       */
  84      protected function find($selector, $locator, $exception = false, $node = false, $timeout = false) {
  85          if ($selector === 'NodeElement' && is_a($locator, NodeElement::class)) {
  86              // Support a NodeElement being passed in for use in step chaining.
  87              return $locator;
  88          }
  89  
  90          // Returns the first match.
  91          $items = $this->find_all($selector, $locator, $exception, $node, $timeout);
  92          return count($items) ? reset($items) : null;
  93      }
  94  
  95      /**
  96       * Returns all matching elements.
  97       *
  98       * Adapter to Behat\Mink\Element\Element::findAll() using the spin() method.
  99       *
 100       * @link http://mink.behat.org/#traverse-the-page-selectors
 101       * @param string $selector The selector type (css, xpath, named...)
 102       * @param mixed $locator It depends on the $selector, can be the xpath, a name, a css locator...
 103       * @param Exception $exception Otherwise we throw expcetion with generic info
 104       * @param NodeElement $container Restrict the search to just children of the specified container
 105       * @param int $timeout Forces a specific time out (in seconds). If 0 is provided the default timeout will be applied.
 106       * @return array NodeElements list
 107       */
 108      protected function find_all($selector, $locator, $exception = false, $container = false, $timeout = false) {
 109          // Throw exception, so dev knows it is not supported.
 110          if ($selector === 'named') {
 111              $exception = 'Using the "named" selector is deprecated as of 3.1. '
 112                  .' Use the "named_partial" or use the "named_exact" selector instead.';
 113              throw new ExpectationException($exception, $this->getSession());
 114          }
 115  
 116          // Generic info.
 117          if (!$exception) {
 118              // With named selectors we can be more specific.
 119              if (($selector == 'named_exact') || ($selector == 'named_partial')) {
 120                  $exceptiontype = $locator[0];
 121                  $exceptionlocator = $locator[1];
 122  
 123                  // If we are in a @javascript session all contents would be displayed as HTML characters.
 124                  if ($this->running_javascript()) {
 125                      $locator[1] = html_entity_decode($locator[1], ENT_NOQUOTES);
 126                  }
 127  
 128              } else {
 129                  $exceptiontype = $selector;
 130                  $exceptionlocator = $locator;
 131              }
 132  
 133              $exception = new ElementNotFoundException($this->getSession(), $exceptiontype, null, $exceptionlocator);
 134          }
 135  
 136          // How much we will be waiting for the element to appear.
 137          if (!$timeout) {
 138              $timeout = self::get_timeout();
 139              $microsleep = false;
 140          } else {
 141              // Spinning each 0.1 seconds if the timeout was forced as we understand
 142              // that is a special case and is good to refine the performance as much
 143              // as possible.
 144              $microsleep = true;
 145          }
 146  
 147          // Normalise the values in order to perform the search.
 148          [
 149              'selector' => $selector,
 150              'locator' => $locator,
 151              'container' => $container,
 152          ] = $this->normalise_selector($selector, $locator, $container ?: $this->getSession()->getPage());
 153  
 154          // Waits for the node to appear if it exists, otherwise will timeout and throw the provided exception.
 155          return $this->spin(
 156              function() use ($selector, $locator, $container) {
 157                  return $container->findAll($selector, $locator);
 158              }, [], $timeout, $exception, $microsleep
 159          );
 160      }
 161  
 162      /**
 163       * Normalise the locator and selector.
 164       *
 165       * @param string $selector The type of thing to search
 166       * @param mixed $locator The locator value. Can be an array, but is more likely a string.
 167       * @param Element $container An optional container to search within
 168       * @return array The selector, locator, and container to search within
 169       */
 170      public function normalise_selector(string $selector, $locator, Element $container): array {
 171          // Check for specific transformations for this selector type.
 172          $transformfunction = "transform_find_for_{$selector}";
 173          if (method_exists('behat_selectors', $transformfunction)) {
 174              // A selector-specific transformation exists.
 175              // Perform initial transformation of the selector within the current container.
 176              [
 177                  'selector' => $selector,
 178                  'locator' => $locator,
 179                  'container' => $container,
 180              ] = behat_selectors::{$transformfunction}($this, $locator, $container);
 181          }
 182  
 183          // Normalise the css and xpath selector types.
 184          if ('css_element' === $selector) {
 185              $selector = 'css';
 186          } else if ('xpath_element' === $selector) {
 187              $selector = 'xpath';
 188          }
 189  
 190          // Convert to a named selector where the selector type is not a known selector.
 191          $converttonamed = !$this->getSession()->getSelectorsHandler()->isSelectorRegistered($selector);
 192          $converttonamed = $converttonamed && 'xpath' !== $selector;
 193          if ($converttonamed) {
 194              if (behat_partial_named_selector::is_deprecated_selector($selector)) {
 195                  if ($replacement = behat_partial_named_selector::get_deprecated_replacement($selector)) {
 196                      error_log("The '{$selector}' selector has been replaced with {$replacement}");
 197                      $selector = $replacement;
 198                  }
 199              } else if (behat_exact_named_selector::is_deprecated_selector($selector)) {
 200                  if ($replacement = behat_exact_named_selector::get_deprecated_replacement($selector)) {
 201                      error_log("The '{$selector}' selector has been replaced with {$replacement}");
 202                      $selector = $replacement;
 203                  }
 204              }
 205  
 206              $allowedpartialselectors = behat_partial_named_selector::get_allowed_selectors();
 207              $allowedexactselectors = behat_exact_named_selector::get_allowed_selectors();
 208              if (isset($allowedpartialselectors[$selector])) {
 209                  $locator = behat_selectors::normalise_named_selector($allowedpartialselectors[$selector], $locator);
 210                  $selector = 'named_partial';
 211              } else if (isset($allowedexactselectors[$selector])) {
 212                  $locator = behat_selectors::normalise_named_selector($allowedexactselectors[$selector], $locator);
 213                  $selector = 'named_exact';
 214              } else {
 215                  throw new ExpectationException("The '{$selector}' selector type is not registered.", $this->getSession()->getDriver());
 216              }
 217          }
 218  
 219          return [
 220              'selector' => $selector,
 221              'locator' => $locator,
 222              'container' => $container,
 223          ];
 224      }
 225  
 226      /**
 227       * Send key presses straight to the currently active element.
 228       *
 229       * The `$keys` array contains a list of key values to send to the session as defined in the WebDriver and JsonWire
 230       * specifications:
 231       * - JsonWire: https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki/JsonWireProtocol#sessionsessionidkeys
 232       * - W3C WebDriver: https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver/#keyboard-actions
 233       *
 234       * This may be a combination of typable characters, modifier keys, and other supported keypoints.
 235       *
 236       * The NULL_KEY should be used to release modifier keys. If the NULL_KEY is not used then modifier keys will remain
 237       * in the pressed state.
 238       *
 239       * Example usage:
 240       *
 241       *      behat_base::type_keys($this->getSession(), [behat_keys::SHIFT, behat_keys::TAB, behat_keys::NULL_KEY]);
 242       *      behat_base::type_keys($this->getSession(), [behat_keys::ENTER, behat_keys::NULL_KEY]);
 243       *      behat_base::type_keys($this->getSession(), [behat_keys::ESCAPE, behat_keys::NULL_KEY]);
 244       *
 245       * It can also be used to send text input, for example:
 246       *
 247       *      behat_base::type_keys(
 248       *          $this->getSession(),
 249       *          ['D', 'o', ' ', 'y', 'o', 'u', ' ', 'p', 'l', 'a' 'y', ' ', 'G', 'o', '?', behat_base::NULL_KEY]
 250       *      );
 251       *
 252       *
 253       * Please note: This function does not use the element/sendKeys variants but sends keys straight to the browser.
 254       *
 255       * @param Session $session
 256       * @param string[] $keys
 257       */
 258      public static function type_keys(Session $session, array $keys): void {
 259          $session->getDriver()->getWebDriver()->getKeyboard()->sendKeys($keys);
 260      }
 261  
 262      /**
 263       * Finds DOM nodes in the page using named selectors.
 264       *
 265       * The point of using this method instead of Mink ones is the spin
 266       * method of behat_base::find() that looks for the element until it
 267       * is available or it timeouts, this avoids the false failures received
 268       * when selenium tries to execute commands on elements that are not
 269       * ready to be used.
 270       *
 271       * All steps that requires elements to be available before interact with
 272       * them should use one of the find* methods.
 273       *
 274       * The methods calls requires a {'find_' . $elementtype}($locator)
 275       * format, like find_link($locator), find_select($locator),
 276       * find_button($locator)...
 277       *
 278       * @link http://mink.behat.org/#named-selectors
 279       * @throws coding_exception
 280       * @param string $name The name of the called method
 281       * @param mixed $arguments
 282       * @return NodeElement
 283       */
 284      public function __call($name, $arguments) {
 285          if (substr($name, 0, 5) === 'find_') {
 286              return call_user_func_array([$this, 'find'], array_merge(
 287                  [substr($name, 5)],
 288                  $arguments
 289              ));
 290          }
 291  
 292          throw new coding_exception("The '{$name}' method does not exist");
 293      }
 294  
 295      /**
 296       * Escapes the double quote character.
 297       *
 298       * Double quote is the argument delimiter, it can be escaped
 299       * with a backslash, but we auto-remove this backslashes
 300       * before the step execution, this method is useful when using
 301       * arguments as arguments for other steps.
 302       *
 303       * @param string $string
 304       * @return string
 305       */
 306      public function escape($string) {
 307          return str_replace('"', '\"', $string);
 308      }
 309  
 310      /**
 311       * Executes the passed closure until returns true or time outs.
 312       *
 313       * In most cases the document.readyState === 'complete' will be enough, but sometimes JS
 314       * requires more time to be completely loaded or an element to be visible or whatever is required to
 315       * perform some action on an element; this method receives a closure which should contain the
 316       * required statements to ensure the step definition actions and assertions have all their needs
 317       * satisfied and executes it until they are satisfied or it timeouts. Redirects the return of the
 318       * closure to the caller.
 319       *
 320       * The closures requirements to work well with this spin method are:
 321       * - Must return false, null or '' if something goes wrong
 322       * - Must return something != false if finishes as expected, this will be the (mixed) value
 323       * returned by spin()
 324       *
 325       * The arguments of the closure are mixed, use $args depending on your needs.
 326       *
 327       * You can provide an exception to give more accurate feedback to tests writers, otherwise the
 328       * closure exception will be used, but you must provide an exception if the closure does not throw
 329       * an exception.
 330       *
 331       * @throws Exception If it timeouts without receiving something != false from the closure
 332       * @param Function|array|string $lambda The function to execute or an array passed to call_user_func (maps to a class method)
 333       * @param mixed $args Arguments to pass to the closure
 334       * @param int $timeout Timeout in seconds
 335       * @param Exception $exception The exception to throw in case it time outs.
 336       * @param bool $microsleep If set to true it'll sleep micro seconds rather than seconds.
 337       * @return mixed The value returned by the closure
 338       */
 339      protected function spin($lambda, $args = false, $timeout = false, $exception = false, $microsleep = false) {
 340  
 341          // Using default timeout which is pretty high.
 342          if (!$timeout) {
 343              $timeout = self::get_timeout();
 344          }
 345  
 346          $start = microtime(true);
 347          $end = $start + $timeout;
 348  
 349          do {
 350              // We catch the exception thrown by the step definition to execute it again.
 351              try {
 352                  // We don't check with !== because most of the time closures will return
 353                  // direct Behat methods returns and we are not sure it will be always (bool)false
 354                  // if it just runs the behat method without returning anything $return == null.
 355                  if ($return = call_user_func($lambda, $this, $args)) {
 356                      return $return;
 357                  }
 358              } catch (Exception $e) {
 359                  // We would use the first closure exception if no exception has been provided.
 360                  if (!$exception) {
 361                      $exception = $e;
 362                  }
 363              }
 364  
 365              if (!$this->running_javascript()) {
 366                  break;
 367              }
 368  
 369              usleep(100000);
 370  
 371          } while (microtime(true) < $end);
 372  
 373          // Using coding_exception as is a development issue if no exception has been provided.
 374          if (!$exception) {
 375              $exception = new coding_exception('spin method requires an exception if the callback does not throw an exception');
 376          }
 377  
 378          // Throwing exception to the user.
 379          throw $exception;
 380      }
 381  
 382      /**
 383       * Gets a NodeElement based on the locator and selector type received as argument from steps definitions.
 384       *
 385       * Use behat_base::get_text_selector_node() for text-based selectors.
 386       *
 387       * @throws ElementNotFoundException Thrown by behat_base::find
 388       * @param string $selectortype
 389       * @param string $element
 390       * @return NodeElement
 391       */
 392      protected function get_selected_node($selectortype, $element) {
 393          return $this->find($selectortype, $element);
 394      }
 395  
 396      /**
 397       * Gets a NodeElement based on the locator and selector type received as argument from steps definitions.
 398       *
 399       * @throws ElementNotFoundException Thrown by behat_base::find
 400       * @param string $selectortype
 401       * @param string $element
 402       * @return NodeElement
 403       */
 404      protected function get_text_selector_node($selectortype, $element) {
 405          // Getting Mink selector and locator.
 406          list($selector, $locator) = $this->transform_text_selector($selectortype, $element);
 407  
 408          // Returns the NodeElement.
 409          return $this->find($selector, $locator);
 410      }
 411  
 412      /**
 413       * Gets the requested element inside the specified container.
 414       *
 415       * @throws ElementNotFoundException Thrown by behat_base::find
 416       * @param mixed $selectortype The element selector type.
 417       * @param mixed $element The element locator.
 418       * @param mixed $containerselectortype The container selector type.
 419       * @param mixed $containerelement The container locator.
 420       * @return NodeElement
 421       */
 422      protected function get_node_in_container($selectortype, $element, $containerselectortype, $containerelement) {
 423          if ($containerselectortype === 'NodeElement' && is_a($containerelement, NodeElement::class)) {
 424              // Support a NodeElement being passed in for use in step chaining.
 425              $containernode = $containerelement;
 426              $locatorexceptionmsg = $element;
 427          } else {
 428              // Gets the container, it will always be text based.
 429              $containernode = $this->get_text_selector_node($containerselectortype, $containerelement);
 430              $locatorexceptionmsg = $element . '" in the "' . $containerelement. '" "' . $containerselectortype. '"';
 431          }
 432  
 433          $exception = new ElementNotFoundException($this->getSession(), $selectortype, null, $locatorexceptionmsg);
 434  
 435          return $this->find($selectortype, $element, $exception, $containernode);
 436      }
 437  
 438      /**
 439       * Transforms from step definition's argument style to Mink format.
 440       *
 441       * Mink has 3 different selectors css, xpath and named, where named
 442       * selectors includes link, button, field... to simplify and group multiple
 443       * steps in one we use the same interface, considering all link, buttons...
 444       * at the same level as css selectors and xpath; this method makes the
 445       * conversion from the arguments received by the steps to the selectors and locators
 446       * required to interact with Mink.
 447       *
 448       * @throws ExpectationException
 449       * @param string $selectortype It can be css, xpath or any of the named selectors.
 450       * @param string $element The locator (or string) we are looking for.
 451       * @return array Contains the selector and the locator expected by Mink.
 452       */
 453      protected function transform_selector($selectortype, $element) {
 454          // Here we don't know if an allowed text selector is being used.
 455          $selectors = behat_selectors::get_allowed_selectors();
 456          if (!isset($selectors[$selectortype])) {
 457              throw new ExpectationException('The "' . $selectortype . '" selector type does not exist', $this->getSession());
 458          }
 459  
 460          [
 461              'selector' => $selector,
 462              'locator' => $locator,
 463          ] = $this->normalise_selector($selectortype, $element, $this->getSession()->getPage());
 464  
 465          return [$selector, $locator];
 466      }
 467  
 468      /**
 469       * Transforms from step definition's argument style to Mink format.
 470       *
 471       * Delegates all the process to behat_base::transform_selector() checking
 472       * the provided $selectortype.
 473       *
 474       * @throws ExpectationException
 475       * @param string $selectortype It can be css, xpath or any of the named selectors.
 476       * @param string $element The locator (or string) we are looking for.
 477       * @return array Contains the selector and the locator expected by Mink.
 478       */
 479      protected function transform_text_selector($selectortype, $element) {
 480  
 481          $selectors = behat_selectors::get_allowed_text_selectors();
 482          if (empty($selectors[$selectortype])) {
 483              throw new ExpectationException('The "' . $selectortype . '" selector can not be used to select text nodes', $this->getSession());
 484          }
 485  
 486          return $this->transform_selector($selectortype, $element);
 487      }
 488  
 489      /**
 490       * Whether Javascript is available in the current Session.
 491       *
 492       * @return boolean
 493       */
 494      protected function running_javascript() {
 495          return self::running_javascript_in_session($this->getSession());
 496      }
 497  
 498      /**
 499       * Require that javascript be available in the current Session.
 500       *
 501       * @throws DriverException
 502       */
 503      protected function require_javascript() {
 504          return self::require_javascript_in_session($this->getSession());
 505      }
 506  
 507      /**
 508       * Whether Javascript is available in the specified Session.
 509       *
 510       * @param Session $session
 511       * @return boolean
 512       */
 513      protected static function running_javascript_in_session(Session $session): bool {
 514          return get_class($session->getDriver()) !== 'Behat\Mink\Driver\GoutteDriver';
 515      }
 516  
 517      /**
 518       * Require that javascript be available for the specified Session.
 519       *
 520       * @param Session $session
 521       * @throws DriverException
 522       */
 523      protected static function require_javascript_in_session(Session $session): void {
 524          if (self::running_javascript_in_session($session)) {
 525              return;
 526          }
 527  
 528          throw new DriverException('Javascript is required');
 529      }
 530  
 531      /**
 532       * Checks if the current page is part of the mobile app.
 533       *
 534       * @return bool True if it's in the app
 535       */
 536      protected function is_in_app() : bool {
 537          // Cannot be in the app if there's no @app tag on scenario.
 538          if (!$this->has_tag('app')) {
 539              return false;
 540          }
 541  
 542          // Check on page to see if it's an app page. Safest way is to look for added JavaScript.
 543          return $this->evaluate_script('return typeof window.behat') === 'object';
 544      }
 545  
 546      /**
 547       * Spins around an element until it exists
 548       *
 549       * @throws ExpectationException
 550       * @param string $locator
 551       * @param string $selectortype
 552       * @return void
 553       */
 554      protected function ensure_element_exists($locator, $selectortype) {
 555          // Exception if it timesout and the element is still there.
 556          $msg = "The '{$locator}' element does not exist and should";
 557          $exception = new ExpectationException($msg, $this->getSession());
 558  
 559          // Normalise the values in order to perform the search.
 560          [
 561              'selector' => $selector,
 562              'locator' => $locator,
 563              'container' => $container,
 564          ] = $this->normalise_selector($selectortype, $locator, $this->getSession()->getPage());
 565  
 566          // It will stop spinning once the find() method returns true.
 567          $this->spin(
 568              function() use ($selector, $locator, $container) {
 569                  if ($container->find($selector, $locator)) {
 570                      return true;
 571                  }
 572                  return false;
 573              },
 574              [],
 575              self::get_extended_timeout(),
 576              $exception,
 577              true
 578          );
 579      }
 580  
 581      /**
 582       * Spins until the element does not exist
 583       *
 584       * @throws ExpectationException
 585       * @param string $locator
 586       * @param string $selectortype
 587       * @return void
 588       */
 589      protected function ensure_element_does_not_exist($locator, $selectortype) {
 590          // Exception if it timesout and the element is still there.
 591          $msg = "The '{$locator}' element exists and should not exist";
 592          $exception = new ExpectationException($msg, $this->getSession());
 593  
 594          // Normalise the values in order to perform the search.
 595          [
 596              'selector' => $selector,
 597              'locator' => $locator,
 598              'container' => $container,
 599          ] = $this->normalise_selector($selectortype, $locator, $this->getSession()->getPage());
 600  
 601          // It will stop spinning once the find() method returns false.
 602          $this->spin(
 603              function() use ($selector, $locator, $container) {
 604                  if ($container->find($selector, $locator)) {
 605                      return false;
 606                  }
 607                  return true;
 608              },
 609              // Note: We cannot use $this because the find will then be $this->find(), which leads us to a nested spin().
 610              // We cannot nest spins because the outer spin times out before the inner spin completes.
 611              [],
 612              self::get_extended_timeout(),
 613              $exception,
 614              true
 615          );
 616      }
 617  
 618      /**
 619       * Ensures that the provided node is visible and we can interact with it.
 620       *
 621       * @throws ExpectationException
 622       * @param NodeElement $node
 623       * @return void Throws an exception if it times out without the element being visible
 624       */
 625      protected function ensure_node_is_visible($node) {
 626  
 627          if (!$this->running_javascript()) {
 628              return;
 629          }
 630  
 631          // Exception if it timesout and the element is still there.
 632          $msg = 'The "' . $node->getXPath() . '" xpath node is not visible and it should be visible';
 633          $exception = new ExpectationException($msg, $this->getSession());
 634  
 635          // It will stop spinning once the isVisible() method returns true.
 636          $this->spin(
 637              function($context, $args) {
 638                  if ($args->isVisible()) {
 639                      return true;
 640                  }
 641                  return false;
 642              },
 643              $node,
 644              self::get_extended_timeout(),
 645              $exception,
 646              true
 647          );
 648      }
 649  
 650      /**
 651       * Ensures that the provided node has a attribute value set. This step can be used to check if specific
 652       * JS has finished modifying the node.
 653       *
 654       * @throws ExpectationException
 655       * @param NodeElement $node
 656       * @param string $attribute attribute name
 657       * @param string $attributevalue attribute value to check.
 658       * @return void Throws an exception if it times out without the element being visible
 659       */
 660      protected function ensure_node_attribute_is_set($node, $attribute, $attributevalue) {
 661  
 662          if (!$this->running_javascript()) {
 663              return;
 664          }
 665  
 666          // Exception if it timesout and the element is still there.
 667          $msg = 'The "' . $node->getXPath() . '" xpath node is not visible and it should be visible';
 668          $exception = new ExpectationException($msg, $this->getSession());
 669  
 670          // It will stop spinning once the $args[1]) == $args[2], and method returns true.
 671          $this->spin(
 672              function($context, $args) {
 673                  if ($args[0]->getAttribute($args[1]) == $args[2]) {
 674                      return true;
 675                  }
 676                  return false;
 677              },
 678              array($node, $attribute, $attributevalue),
 679              self::get_extended_timeout(),
 680              $exception,
 681              true
 682          );
 683      }
 684  
 685      /**
 686       * Ensures that the provided element is visible and we can interact with it.
 687       *
 688       * Returns the node in case other actions are interested in using it.
 689       *
 690       * @throws ExpectationException
 691       * @param string $element
 692       * @param string $selectortype
 693       * @return NodeElement Throws an exception if it times out without being visible
 694       */
 695      protected function ensure_element_is_visible($element, $selectortype) {
 696  
 697          if (!$this->running_javascript()) {
 698              return;
 699          }
 700  
 701          $node = $this->get_selected_node($selectortype, $element);
 702          $this->ensure_node_is_visible($node);
 703  
 704          return $node;
 705      }
 706  
 707      /**
 708       * Ensures that all the page's editors are loaded.
 709       *
 710       * @deprecated since Moodle 2.7 MDL-44084 - please do not use this function any more.
 711       * @throws ElementNotFoundException
 712       * @throws ExpectationException
 713       * @return void
 714       */
 715      protected function ensure_editors_are_loaded() {
 716          global $CFG;
 717  
 718          if (empty($CFG->behat_usedeprecated)) {
 719              debugging('Function behat_base::ensure_editors_are_loaded() is deprecated. It is no longer required.');
 720          }
 721          return;
 722      }
 723  
 724      /**
 725       * Checks if the current scenario, or its feature, has a specified tag.
 726       *
 727       * @param string $tag Tag to check
 728       * @return bool True if the tag exists in scenario or feature
 729       */
 730      public function has_tag(string $tag) : bool {
 731          return array_key_exists($tag, behat_hooks::get_tags_for_scenario());
 732      }
 733  
 734      /**
 735       * Change browser window size.
 736       *   - small: 640x480
 737       *   - medium: 1024x768
 738       *   - large: 2560x1600
 739       *
 740       * @param string $windowsize size of window.
 741       * @param bool $viewport If true, changes viewport rather than window size
 742       * @throws ExpectationException
 743       */
 744      protected function resize_window($windowsize, $viewport = false) {
 745          global $CFG;
 746  
 747          // Non JS don't support resize window.
 748          if (!$this->running_javascript()) {
 749              return;
 750          }
 751  
 752          switch ($windowsize) {
 753              case "small":
 754                  $width = 1024;
 755                  $height = 768;
 756                  break;
 757              case "medium":
 758                  $width = 1366;
 759                  $height = 768;
 760                  break;
 761              case "large":
 762                  $width = 2560;
 763                  $height = 1600;
 764                  break;
 765              default:
 766                  preg_match('/^(\d+x\d+)$/', $windowsize, $matches);
 767                  if (empty($matches) || (count($matches) != 2)) {
 768                      throw new ExpectationException("Invalid screen size, can't resize", $this->getSession());
 769                  }
 770                  $size = explode('x', $windowsize);
 771                  $width = (int) $size[0];
 772                  $height = (int) $size[1];
 773          }
 774  
 775          if (isset($CFG->behat_window_size_modifier) && is_numeric($CFG->behat_window_size_modifier)) {
 776              $width *= $CFG->behat_window_size_modifier;
 777              $height *= $CFG->behat_window_size_modifier;
 778          }
 779  
 780          if ($viewport) {
 781              // When setting viewport size, we set it so that the document width will be exactly
 782              // as specified, assuming that there is a vertical scrollbar. (In cases where there is
 783              // no scrollbar it will be slightly wider. We presume this is rare and predictable.)
 784              // The window inner height will be as specified, which means the available viewport will
 785              // actually be smaller if there is a horizontal scrollbar. We assume that horizontal
 786              // scrollbars are rare so this doesn't matter.
 787              $js = <<<EOF
 788  return (function() {
 789      var before = document.body.style.overflowY;
 790      document.body.style.overflowY = "scroll";
 791      var result = {};
 792      result.x = window.outerWidth - document.body.offsetWidth;
 793      result.y = window.outerHeight - window.innerHeight;
 794      document.body.style.overflowY = before;
 795      return result;
 796  })();
 797  EOF;
 798              $offset = $this->evaluate_script($js);
 799              $width += $offset['x'];
 800              $height += $offset['y'];
 801          }
 802  
 803          $this->getSession()->getDriver()->resizeWindow($width, $height);
 804      }
 805  
 806      /**
 807       * Waits for all the JS to be loaded.
 808       *
 809       * @return  bool Whether any JS is still pending completion.
 810       */
 811      public function wait_for_pending_js() {
 812          return static::wait_for_pending_js_in_session($this->getSession());
 813      }
 814  
 815      /**
 816       * Waits for all the JS to be loaded.
 817       *
 818       * @param   Session $session The Mink Session where JS can be run
 819       * @return  bool Whether any JS is still pending completion.
 820       */
 821      public static function wait_for_pending_js_in_session(Session $session) {
 822          if (!self::running_javascript_in_session($session)) {
 823              // JS is not available therefore there is nothing to wait for.
 824              return false;
 825          }
 826  
 827          // We don't use behat_base::spin() here as we don't want to end up with an exception
 828          // if the page & JSs don't finish loading properly.
 829          for ($i = 0; $i < self::get_extended_timeout() * 10; $i++) {
 830              $pending = '';
 831              try {
 832                  $jscode = trim(preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', '
 833                      return (function() {
 834                          if (document.readyState !== "complete") {
 835                              return "incomplete";
 836                          }
 837  
 838                          if (typeof M !== "object" || typeof M.util !== "object" || typeof M.util.pending_js === "undefined") {
 839                              return "";
 840                          }
 841  
 842                          return M.util.pending_js.join(":");
 843                      })()'));
 844                  $pending = self::evaluate_script_in_session($session, $jscode);
 845              } catch (NoSuchWindowException $nsw) {
 846                  // We catch an exception here, in case we just closed the window we were interacting with.
 847                  // No javascript is running if there is no window right?
 848                  $pending = '';
 849              } catch (UnknownError $e) {
 850                  // M is not defined when the window or the frame don't exist anymore.
 851                  if (strstr($e->getMessage(), 'M is not defined') != false) {
 852                      $pending = '';
 853                  }
 854              }
 855  
 856              // If there are no pending JS we stop waiting.
 857              if ($pending === '') {
 858                  return true;
 859              }
 860  
 861              // 0.1 seconds.
 862              usleep(100000);
 863          }
 864  
 865          // Timeout waiting for JS to complete. It will be caught and forwarded to behat_hooks::i_look_for_exceptions().
 866          // It is unlikely that Javascript code of a page or an AJAX request needs more than get_extended_timeout() seconds
 867          // to be loaded, although when pages contains Javascript errors M.util.js_complete() can not be executed, so the
 868          // number of JS pending code and JS completed code will not match and we will reach this point.
 869          throw new \Exception('Javascript code and/or AJAX requests are not ready after ' .
 870                  self::get_extended_timeout() .
 871                  ' seconds. There is a Javascript error or the code is extremely slow (' . $pending .
 872                  '). If you are using a slow machine, consider setting $CFG->behat_increasetimeout.');
 873      }
 874  
 875      /**
 876       * Internal step definition to find exceptions, debugging() messages and PHP debug messages.
 877       *
 878       * Part of behat_hooks class as is part of the testing framework, is auto-executed
 879       * after each step so no features will splicitly use it.
 880       *
 881       * @throws Exception Unknown type, depending on what we caught in the hook or basic \Exception.
 882       * @see Moodle\BehatExtension\Tester\MoodleStepTester
 883       */
 884      public function look_for_exceptions() {
 885          // Wrap in try in case we were interacting with a closed window.
 886          try {
 887  
 888              // Exceptions.
 889              $exceptionsxpath = "//div[@data-rel='fatalerror']";
 890              // Debugging messages.
 891              $debuggingxpath = "//div[@data-rel='debugging']";
 892              // PHP debug messages.
 893              $phperrorxpath = "//div[@data-rel='phpdebugmessage']";
 894              // Any other backtrace.
 895              $othersxpath = "(//*[contains(., ': call to ')])[1]";
 896  
 897              $xpaths = array($exceptionsxpath, $debuggingxpath, $phperrorxpath, $othersxpath);
 898              $joinedxpath = implode(' | ', $xpaths);
 899  
 900              // Joined xpath expression. Most of the time there will be no exceptions, so this pre-check
 901              // is faster than to send the 4 xpath queries for each step.
 902              if (!$this->getSession()->getDriver()->find($joinedxpath)) {
 903                  // Check if we have recorded any errors in driver process.
 904                  $phperrors = behat_get_shutdown_process_errors();
 905                  if (!empty($phperrors)) {
 906                      foreach ($phperrors as $error) {
 907                          $errnostring = behat_get_error_string($error['type']);
 908                          $msgs[] = $errnostring . ": " .$error['message'] . " at " . $error['file'] . ": " . $error['line'];
 909                      }
 910                      $msg = "PHP errors found:\n" . implode("\n", $msgs);
 911                      throw new \Exception(htmlentities($msg));
 912                  }
 913  
 914                  return;
 915              }
 916  
 917              // Exceptions.
 918              if ($errormsg = $this->getSession()->getPage()->find('xpath', $exceptionsxpath)) {
 919  
 920                  // Getting the debugging info and the backtrace.
 921                  $errorinfoboxes = $this->getSession()->getPage()->findAll('css', 'div.alert-error');
 922                  // If errorinfoboxes is empty, try find alert-danger (bootstrap4) class.
 923                  if (empty($errorinfoboxes)) {
 924                      $errorinfoboxes = $this->getSession()->getPage()->findAll('css', 'div.alert-danger');
 925                  }
 926                  // If errorinfoboxes is empty, try find notifytiny (original) class.
 927                  if (empty($errorinfoboxes)) {
 928                      $errorinfoboxes = $this->getSession()->getPage()->findAll('css', 'div.notifytiny');
 929                  }
 930  
 931                  // If errorinfoboxes is empty, try find ajax/JS exception in dialogue.
 932                  if (empty($errorinfoboxes)) {
 933                      $errorinfoboxes = $this->getSession()->getPage()->findAll('css', 'div.moodle-exception-message');
 934  
 935                      // If ajax/JS exception.
 936                      if ($errorinfoboxes) {
 937                          $errorinfo = $this->get_debug_text($errorinfoboxes[0]->getHtml());
 938                      }
 939  
 940                  } else {
 941                      $errorinfo = $this->get_debug_text($errorinfoboxes[0]->getHtml()) . "\n" .
 942                          $this->get_debug_text($errorinfoboxes[1]->getHtml());
 943                  }
 944  
 945                  $msg = "Moodle exception: " . $errormsg->getText() . "\n" . $errorinfo;
 946                  throw new \Exception(html_entity_decode($msg));
 947              }
 948  
 949              // Debugging messages.
 950              if ($debuggingmessages = $this->getSession()->getPage()->findAll('xpath', $debuggingxpath)) {
 951                  $msgs = array();
 952                  foreach ($debuggingmessages as $debuggingmessage) {
 953                      $msgs[] = $this->get_debug_text($debuggingmessage->getHtml());
 954                  }
 955                  $msg = "debugging() message/s found:\n" . implode("\n", $msgs);
 956                  throw new \Exception(html_entity_decode($msg));
 957              }
 958  
 959              // PHP debug messages.
 960              if ($phpmessages = $this->getSession()->getPage()->findAll('xpath', $phperrorxpath)) {
 961  
 962                  $msgs = array();
 963                  foreach ($phpmessages as $phpmessage) {
 964                      $msgs[] = $this->get_debug_text($phpmessage->getHtml());
 965                  }
 966                  $msg = "PHP debug message/s found:\n" . implode("\n", $msgs);
 967                  throw new \Exception(html_entity_decode($msg));
 968              }
 969  
 970              // Any other backtrace.
 971              // First looking through xpath as it is faster than get and parse the whole page contents,
 972              // we get the contents and look for matches once we found something to suspect that there is a backtrace.
 973              if ($this->getSession()->getDriver()->find($othersxpath)) {
 974                  $backtracespattern = '/(line [0-9]* of [^:]*: call to [\->&;:a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][\->&;:a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*)/';
 975                  if (preg_match_all($backtracespattern, $this->getSession()->getPage()->getContent(), $backtraces)) {
 976                      $msgs = array();
 977                      foreach ($backtraces[0] as $backtrace) {
 978                          $msgs[] = $backtrace . '()';
 979                      }
 980                      $msg = "Other backtraces found:\n" . implode("\n", $msgs);
 981                      throw new \Exception(htmlentities($msg));
 982                  }
 983              }
 984  
 985          } catch (NoSuchWindowException $e) {
 986              // If we were interacting with a popup window it will not exists after closing it.
 987          } catch (DriverException $e) {
 988              // Same reason as above.
 989          }
 990      }
 991  
 992      /**
 993       * Converts HTML tags to line breaks to display the info in CLI
 994       *
 995       * @param string $html
 996       * @return string
 997       */
 998      protected function get_debug_text($html) {
 999  
1000          // Replacing HTML tags for new lines and keeping only the text.
1001          $notags = preg_replace('/<+\s*\/*\s*([A-Z][A-Z0-9]*)\b[^>]*\/*\s*>*/i', "\n", $html);
1002          return preg_replace("/(\n)+/s", "\n", $notags);
1003      }
1004  
1005      /**
1006       * Helper function to execute api in a given context.
1007       *
1008       * @param string $contextapi context in which api is defined.
1009       * @param array $params list of params to pass.
1010       * @throws Exception
1011       */
1012      protected function execute($contextapi, $params = array()) {
1013          if (!is_array($params)) {
1014              $params = array($params);
1015          }
1016  
1017          // Get required context and execute the api.
1018          $contextapi = explode("::", $contextapi);
1019          $context = behat_context_helper::get($contextapi[0]);
1020          call_user_func_array(array($context, $contextapi[1]), $params);
1021  
1022          // NOTE: Wait for pending js and look for exception are not optional, as this might lead to unexpected results.
1023          // Don't make them optional for performance reasons.
1024  
1025          // Wait for pending js.
1026          $this->wait_for_pending_js();
1027  
1028          // Look for exceptions.
1029          $this->look_for_exceptions();
1030      }
1031  
1032      /**
1033       * Get the actual user in the behat session (note $USER does not correspond to the behat session's user).
1034       * @return mixed
1035       * @throws coding_exception
1036       */
1037      protected function get_session_user() {
1038          global $DB;
1039  
1040          $sid = $this->getSession()->getCookie('MoodleSession');
1041          if (empty($sid)) {
1042              throw new coding_exception('failed to get moodle session');
1043          }
1044          $userid = $DB->get_field('sessions', 'userid', ['sid' => $sid]);
1045          if (empty($userid)) {
1046              throw new coding_exception('failed to get user from seession id '.$sid);
1047          }
1048          return $DB->get_record('user', ['id' => $userid]);
1049      }
1050  
1051      /**
1052       * Set current $USER, reset access cache.
1053       *
1054       * In some cases, behat will execute the code as admin but in many cases we need to set an specific user as some
1055       * API's might rely on the logged user to take some action.
1056       *
1057       * @param null|int|stdClass $user user record, null or 0 means non-logged-in, positive integer means userid
1058       */
1059      public static function set_user($user = null) {
1060          global $DB;
1061  
1062          if (is_object($user)) {
1063              $user = clone($user);
1064          } else if (!$user) {
1065              // Assign valid data to admin user (some generator-related code needs a valid user).
1066              $user = $DB->get_record('user', array('username' => 'admin'));
1067          } else {
1068              $user = $DB->get_record('user', array('id' => $user));
1069          }
1070          unset($user->description);
1071          unset($user->access);
1072          unset($user->preference);
1073  
1074          // Ensure session is empty, as it may contain caches and user specific info.
1075          \core\session\manager::init_empty_session();
1076  
1077          \core\session\manager::set_user($user);
1078      }
1079  
1080      /**
1081       * Gets the internal moodle context id from the context reference.
1082       *
1083       * The context reference changes depending on the context
1084       * level, it can be the system, a user, a category, a course or
1085       * a module.
1086       *
1087       * @throws Exception
1088       * @param string $levelname The context level string introduced by the test writer
1089       * @param string $contextref The context reference introduced by the test writer
1090       * @return context
1091       */
1092      public static function get_context(string $levelname, string $contextref): context {
1093          global $DB;
1094  
1095          // Getting context levels and names (we will be using the English ones as it is the test site language).
1096          $contextlevels = context_helper::get_all_levels();
1097          $contextnames = array();
1098          foreach ($contextlevels as $level => $classname) {
1099              $contextnames[context_helper::get_level_name($level)] = $level;
1100          }
1101  
1102          if (empty($contextnames[$levelname])) {
1103              throw new Exception('The specified "' . $levelname . '" context level does not exist');
1104          }
1105          $contextlevel = $contextnames[$levelname];
1106  
1107          // Return it, we don't need to look for other internal ids.
1108          if ($contextlevel == CONTEXT_SYSTEM) {
1109              return context_system::instance();
1110          }
1111  
1112          switch ($contextlevel) {
1113  
1114              case CONTEXT_USER:
1115                  $instanceid = $DB->get_field('user', 'id', array('username' => $contextref));
1116                  break;
1117  
1118              case CONTEXT_COURSECAT:
1119                  $instanceid = $DB->get_field('course_categories', 'id', array('idnumber' => $contextref));
1120                  break;
1121  
1122              case CONTEXT_COURSE:
1123                  $instanceid = $DB->get_field('course', 'id', array('shortname' => $contextref));
1124                  break;
1125  
1126              case CONTEXT_MODULE:
1127                  $instanceid = $DB->get_field('course_modules', 'id', array('idnumber' => $contextref));
1128                  break;
1129  
1130              default:
1131                  break;
1132          }
1133  
1134          $contextclass = $contextlevels[$contextlevel];
1135          if (!$context = $contextclass::instance($instanceid, IGNORE_MISSING)) {
1136              throw new Exception('The specified "' . $contextref . '" context reference does not exist');
1137          }
1138  
1139          return $context;
1140      }
1141  
1142      /**
1143       * Trigger click on node via javascript instead of actually clicking on it via pointer.
1144       *
1145       * This function resolves the issue of nested elements with click listeners or links - in these cases clicking via
1146       * the pointer may accidentally cause a click on the wrong element.
1147       * Example of issue: clicking to expand navigation nodes when the config value linkadmincategories is enabled.
1148       * @param NodeElement $node
1149       */
1150      protected function js_trigger_click($node) {
1151          if (!$this->running_javascript()) {
1152              $node->click();
1153          }
1154          $driver = $this->getSession()->getDriver();
1155          if ($driver instanceof \Moodle\BehatExtension\Driver\WebDriver) {
1156              $this->execute_js_on_node($node, '{{ELEMENT}}.click();');
1157          } else {
1158              $this->ensure_node_is_visible($node); // Ensures hidden elements can't be clicked.
1159              $driver->click($node->getXpath());
1160          }
1161      }
1162  
1163      /**
1164       * Execute JS on the specified NodeElement.
1165       *
1166       * @param NodeElement $node
1167       * @param string $script
1168       * @param bool $async
1169       */
1170      protected function execute_js_on_node(NodeElement $node, string $script, bool $async = false): void {
1171          $driver = $this->getSession()->getDriver();
1172          if (!($driver instanceof \Moodle\BehatExtension\Driver\WebDriver)) {
1173              throw new \coding_exception('Unknown driver');
1174          }
1175  
1176          if (preg_match('/^function[\s\(]/', $script)) {
1177              $script = preg_replace('/;$/', '', $script);
1178              $script = '(' . $script . ')';
1179          }
1180  
1181          $script = str_replace('{{ELEMENT}}', 'arguments[0]', $script);
1182  
1183          $webdriver = $driver->getWebDriver();
1184  
1185          $element = $this->get_webdriver_element_from_node_element($node);
1186          if ($async) {
1187              try {
1188                  $webdriver->executeAsyncScript($script, [$element]);
1189              } catch (ScriptTimeoutException $e) {
1190                  throw new DriverException($e->getMessage(), $e->getCode(), $e);
1191              }
1192          } else {
1193              $webdriver->executeScript($script, [$element]);
1194          }
1195      }
1196  
1197      /**
1198       * Translate a Mink NodeElement into a WebDriver Element.
1199       *
1200       * @param NodeElement $node
1201       * @return WebDriverElement
1202       */
1203      protected function get_webdriver_element_from_node_element(NodeElement $node): WebDriverElement {
1204          return $this->getSession()
1205              ->getDriver()
1206              ->getWebDriver()
1207              ->findElement(WebDriverBy::xpath($node->getXpath()));
1208      }
1209  
1210      /**
1211       * Convert page names to URLs for steps like 'When I am on the "[page name]" page'.
1212       *
1213       * You should override this as appropriate for your plugin. The method
1214       * {@link behat_navigation::resolve_core_page_url()} is a good example.
1215       *
1216       * Your overridden method should document the recognised page types with
1217       * a table like this:
1218       *
1219       * Recognised page names are:
1220       * | Page            | Description                                                    |
1221       *
1222       * @param string $page name of the page, with the component name removed e.g. 'Admin notification'.
1223       * @return moodle_url the corresponding URL.
1224       * @throws Exception with a meaningful error message if the specified page cannot be found.
1225       */
1226      protected function resolve_page_url(string $page): moodle_url {
1227          throw new Exception('Component "' . get_class($this) .
1228                  '" does not support the generic \'When I am on the "' . $page .
1229                  '" page\' navigation step.');
1230      }
1231  
1232      /**
1233       * Convert page names to URLs for steps like 'When I am on the "[identifier]" "[page type]" page'.
1234       *
1235       * A typical example might be:
1236       *     When I am on the "Test quiz" "mod_quiz > Responses report" page
1237       * which would cause this method in behat_mod_quiz to be called with
1238       * arguments 'Responses report', 'Test quiz'.
1239       *
1240       * You should override this as appropriate for your plugin. The method
1241       * {@link behat_navigation::resolve_core_page_instance_url()} is a good example.
1242       *
1243       * Your overridden method should document the recognised page types with
1244       * a table like this:
1245       *
1246       * Recognised page names are:
1247       * | Type      | identifier meaning | Description                                     |
1248       *
1249       * @param string $type identifies which type of page this is, e.g. 'Attempt review'.
1250       * @param string $identifier identifies the particular page, e.g. 'Test quiz > student > Attempt 1'.
1251       * @return moodle_url the corresponding URL.
1252       * @throws Exception with a meaningful error message if the specified page cannot be found.
1253       */
1254      protected function resolve_page_instance_url(string $type, string $identifier): moodle_url {
1255          throw new Exception('Component "' . get_class($this) .
1256                  '" does not support the generic \'When I am on the "' . $identifier .
1257                  '" "' . $type . '" page\' navigation step.');
1258      }
1259  
1260      /**
1261       * Gets the required timeout in seconds.
1262       *
1263       * @param int $timeout One of the TIMEOUT constants
1264       * @return int Actual timeout (in seconds)
1265       */
1266      protected static function get_real_timeout(int $timeout) : int {
1267          global $CFG;
1268          if (!empty($CFG->behat_increasetimeout)) {
1269              return $timeout * $CFG->behat_increasetimeout;
1270          } else {
1271              return $timeout;
1272          }
1273      }
1274  
1275      /**
1276       * Gets the default timeout.
1277       *
1278       * The timeout for each Behat step (load page, wait for an element to load...).
1279       *
1280       * @return int Timeout in seconds
1281       */
1282      public static function get_timeout() : int {
1283          return self::get_real_timeout(6);
1284      }
1285  
1286      /**
1287       * Gets the reduced timeout.
1288       *
1289       * A reduced timeout for cases where self::get_timeout() is too much
1290       * and a simple $this->getSession()->getPage()->find() could not
1291       * be enough.
1292       *
1293       * @return int Timeout in seconds
1294       */
1295      public static function get_reduced_timeout() : int {
1296          return self::get_real_timeout(2);
1297      }
1298  
1299      /**
1300       * Gets the extended timeout.
1301       *
1302       * A longer timeout for cases where the normal timeout is not enough.
1303       *
1304       * @return int Timeout in seconds
1305       */
1306      public static function get_extended_timeout() : int {
1307          return self::get_real_timeout(10);
1308      }
1309  
1310      /**
1311       * Return a list of the exact named selectors for the component.
1312       *
1313       * Named selectors are what make Behat steps like
1314       *   Then I should see "Useful text" in the "General" "fieldset"
1315       * work. Here, "fieldset" is the named selector, and "General" is the locator.
1316       *
1317       * If you override this method in your plugin (e.g. mod_mymod), to define
1318       * new selectors specific to your plugin. For example, if you returned
1319       *   new behat_component_named_selector('Thingy',
1320       *           [".//some/xpath//img[contains(@alt, %locator%)]/.."])
1321       * then
1322       *   Then I should see "Useful text" in the "Whatever" "mod_mymod > Thingy"
1323       * would work.
1324       *
1325       * This method should return a list of {@link behat_component_named_selector} and
1326       * the docs on that class explain how it works.
1327       *
1328       * @return behat_component_named_selector[]
1329       */
1330      public static function get_exact_named_selectors(): array {
1331          return [];
1332      }
1333  
1334      /**
1335       * Return a list of the partial named selectors for the component.
1336       *
1337       * Like the exact named selectors above, but the locator only
1338       * needs to match part of the text. For example, the standard
1339       * "button" is a partial selector, so:
1340       *   When I click "Save" "button"
1341       * will activate "Save changes".
1342       *
1343       * @return behat_component_named_selector[]
1344       */
1345      public static function get_partial_named_selectors(): array {
1346          return [];
1347      }
1348  
1349      /**
1350       * Return a list of the Mink named replacements for the component.
1351       *
1352       * Named replacements allow you to define parts of an xpath that can be reused multiple times, or in multiple
1353       * xpaths.
1354       *
1355       * This method should return a list of {@link behat_component_named_replacement} and the docs on that class explain
1356       * how it works.
1357       *
1358       * @return behat_component_named_replacement[]
1359       */
1360      public static function get_named_replacements(): array {
1361          return [];
1362      }
1363  
1364      /**
1365       * Evaluate the supplied script in the current session, returning the result.
1366       *
1367       * @param string $script
1368       * @return mixed
1369       */
1370      public function evaluate_script(string $script) {
1371          return self::evaluate_script_in_session($this->getSession(), $script);
1372      }
1373  
1374      /**
1375       * Evaluate the supplied script in the specified session, returning the result.
1376       *
1377       * @param Session $session
1378       * @param string $script
1379       * @return mixed
1380       */
1381      public static function evaluate_script_in_session(Session $session, string $script) {
1382          self::require_javascript_in_session($session);
1383  
1384          return $session->evaluateScript($script);
1385      }
1386  
1387      /**
1388       * Execute the supplied script in the current session.
1389       *
1390       * No result will be returned.
1391       *
1392       * @param string $script
1393       */
1394      public function execute_script(string $script): void {
1395          self::execute_script_in_session($this->getSession(), $script);
1396      }
1397  
1398      /**
1399       * Excecute the supplied script in the specified session.
1400       *
1401       * No result will be returned.
1402       *
1403       * @param Session $session
1404       * @param string $script
1405       */
1406      public static function execute_script_in_session(Session $session, string $script): void {
1407          self::require_javascript_in_session($session);
1408  
1409          $session->executeScript($script);
1410      }
1411  
1412      /**
1413       * Get the session key for the current session via Javascript.
1414       *
1415       * @return string
1416       */
1417      public function get_sesskey(): string {
1418          $script = <<<EOF
1419  return (function() {
1420  if (M && M.cfg && M.cfg.sesskey) {
1421      return M.cfg.sesskey;
1422  }
1423  return '';
1424  })()
1425  EOF;
1426  
1427          return $this->evaluate_script($script);
1428      }
1429  
1430      /**
1431       * Set the timeout factor for the remaining lifetime of the session.
1432       *
1433       * @param   int $factor A multiplication factor to use when calculating the timeout
1434       */
1435      public function set_test_timeout_factor(int $factor = 1): void {
1436          $driver = $this->getSession()->getDriver();
1437  
1438          if (!$driver instanceof \OAndreyev\Mink\Driver\WebDriver) {
1439              // This is a feature of the OAndreyev MinkWebDriver.
1440              return;
1441          }
1442  
1443          // The standard curl timeout is 30 seconds.
1444          // Use get_real_timeout and multiply by the timeout factor to get the final timeout.
1445          $timeout = self::get_real_timeout(30) * 1000 * $factor;
1446          $driver->getWebDriver()->getCommandExecutor()->setRequestTimeout($timeout);
1447      }
1448  
1449      /**
1450       * Get the course category id from an identifier.
1451       *
1452       * The category idnumber, and name are checked.
1453       *
1454       * @param string $identifier
1455       * @return int|null
1456       */
1457      protected function get_category_id(string $identifier): ?int {
1458          global $DB;
1459  
1460          $sql = <<<EOF
1461      SELECT id
1462        FROM {course_categories}
1463       WHERE idnumber = :idnumber
1464          OR name = :name
1465  EOF;
1466  
1467          $result = $DB->get_field_sql($sql, [
1468              'idnumber' => $identifier,
1469              'name' => $identifier,
1470          ]);
1471  
1472          return $result ?: null;
1473      }
1474  
1475      /**
1476       * Get the course id from an identifier.
1477       *
1478       * The course idnumber, shortname, and fullname are checked.
1479       *
1480       * @param string $identifier
1481       * @return int|null
1482       */
1483      protected function get_course_id(string $identifier): ?int {
1484          global $DB;
1485  
1486          $sql = <<<EOF
1487      SELECT id
1488        FROM {course}
1489       WHERE idnumber = :idnumber
1490          OR shortname = :shortname
1491          OR fullname = :fullname
1492  EOF;
1493  
1494          $result = $DB->get_field_sql($sql, [
1495              'idnumber' => $identifier,
1496              'shortname' => $identifier,
1497              'fullname' => $identifier,
1498          ]);
1499  
1500          return $result ?: null;
1501      }
1502  
1503      /**
1504       * Get the activity course module id from its idnumber.
1505       *
1506       * Note: Only idnumber is supported here, not name at this time.
1507       *
1508       * @param string $identifier
1509       * @return cm_info|null
1510       */
1511      protected function get_course_module_for_identifier(string $identifier): ?cm_info {
1512          global $DB;
1513  
1514          $coursetable = new \core\dml\table('course', 'c', 'c');
1515          $courseselect = $coursetable->get_field_select();
1516          $coursefrom = $coursetable->get_from_sql();
1517  
1518          $cmtable = new \core\dml\table('course_modules', 'cm', 'cm');
1519          $cmfrom = $cmtable->get_from_sql();
1520  
1521          $sql = <<<EOF
1522      SELECT {$courseselect}, cm.id as cmid
1523        FROM {$cmfrom}
1524  INNER JOIN {$coursefrom} ON c.id = cm.course
1525       WHERE cm.idnumber = :idnumber
1526  EOF;
1527  
1528          $result = $DB->get_record_sql($sql, [
1529              'idnumber' => $identifier,
1530          ]);
1531  
1532          if ($result) {
1533              $course = $coursetable->extract_from_result($result);
1534              return get_fast_modinfo($course)->get_cm($result->cmid);
1535          }
1536  
1537          return null;
1538      }
1539  
1540      /**
1541       * Get a coursemodule from an activity name or idnumber.
1542       *
1543       * @param string $activity
1544       * @param string $identifier
1545       * @return cm_info
1546       */
1547      protected function get_cm_by_activity_name(string $activity, string $identifier): cm_info {
1548          global $DB;
1549  
1550          $coursetable = new \core\dml\table('course', 'c', 'c');
1551          $courseselect = $coursetable->get_field_select();
1552          $coursefrom = $coursetable->get_from_sql();
1553  
1554          $cmtable = new \core\dml\table('course_modules', 'cm', 'cm');
1555          $cmfrom = $cmtable->get_from_sql();
1556  
1557          $acttable = new \core\dml\table($activity, 'a', 'a');
1558          $actselect = $acttable->get_field_select();
1559          $actfrom = $acttable->get_from_sql();
1560  
1561          $sql = <<<EOF
1562      SELECT cm.id as cmid, {$courseselect}, {$actselect}
1563        FROM {$cmfrom}
1564  INNER JOIN {$coursefrom} ON c.id = cm.course
1565  INNER JOIN {modules} m ON m.id = cm.module AND m.name = :modname
1566  INNER JOIN {$actfrom} ON cm.instance = a.id
1567       WHERE cm.idnumber = :idnumber OR a.name = :name
1568  EOF;
1569  
1570          $result = $DB->get_record_sql($sql, [
1571              'modname' => $activity,
1572              'idnumber' => $identifier,
1573              'name' => $identifier,
1574          ], MUST_EXIST);
1575  
1576          $course = $coursetable->extract_from_result($result);
1577          $instancedata = $acttable->extract_from_result($result);
1578  
1579          return get_fast_modinfo($course)->get_cm($result->cmid);
1580      }
1581  }