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See Release Notes

  • Bug fixes for general core bugs in 4.0.x will end 8 May 2023 (12 months).
  • Bug fixes for security issues in 4.0.x will end 13 November 2023 (18 months).
  • PHP version: minimum PHP 7.3.0 Note: the minimum PHP version has increased since Moodle 3.10. PHP 7.4.x is also supported.

Differences Between: [Versions 400 and 401] [Versions 400 and 402] [Versions 400 and 403]

   1  <?php
   2  // This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
   3  //
   4  // Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   5  // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   6  // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   7  // (at your option) any later version.
   8  //
   9  // Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  10  // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  11  // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  12  // GNU General Public License for more details.
  13  //
  14  // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  15  // along with Moodle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  16  
  17  /**
  18   * Contains the base definition class for any course format plugin.
  19   *
  20   * @package   core_courseformat
  21   * @copyright 2020 Ferran Recio <ferran@moodle.com>
  22   * @license   http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
  23   */
  24  
  25  namespace core_courseformat;
  26  
  27  use navigation_node;
  28  use moodle_page;
  29  use core_component;
  30  use course_modinfo;
  31  use html_writer;
  32  use section_info;
  33  use context_course;
  34  use editsection_form;
  35  use moodle_exception;
  36  use coding_exception;
  37  use moodle_url;
  38  use lang_string;
  39  use completion_info;
  40  use external_api;
  41  use stdClass;
  42  use cache;
  43  use core_courseformat\output\legacy_renderer;
  44  
  45  /**
  46   * Base class for course formats
  47   *
  48   * Each course format must declare class
  49   * class format_FORMATNAME extends core_courseformat\base {}
  50   * in file lib.php
  51   *
  52   * For each course just one instance of this class is created and it will always be returned by
  53   * course_get_format($courseorid). Format may store it's specific course-dependent options in
  54   * variables of this class.
  55   *
  56   * In rare cases instance of child class may be created just for format without course id
  57   * i.e. to check if format supports AJAX.
  58   *
  59   * Also course formats may extend class section_info and overwrite
  60   * course_format::build_section_cache() to return more information about sections.
  61   *
  62   * If you are upgrading from Moodle 2.3 start with copying the class format_legacy and renaming
  63   * it to format_FORMATNAME, then move the code from your callback functions into
  64   * appropriate functions of the class.
  65   *
  66   * @package    core_courseformat
  67   * @copyright  2012 Marina Glancy
  68   * @license    http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
  69   */
  70  abstract class base {
  71      /** @var int Id of the course in this instance (maybe 0) */
  72      protected $courseid;
  73      /** @var string format used for this course. Please note that it can be different from
  74       * course.format field if course referes to non-existing of disabled format */
  75      protected $format;
  76      /** @var stdClass course data for course object, please use course_format::get_course() */
  77      protected $course = false;
  78      /** @var array caches format options, please use course_format::get_format_options() */
  79      protected $formatoptions = array();
  80      /** @var int the section number in single section format, zero for multiple section formats. */
  81      protected $singlesection = 0;
  82      /** @var course_modinfo the current course modinfo, please use course_format::get_modinfo() */
  83      private $modinfo = null;
  84      /** @var array cached instances */
  85      private static $instances = array();
  86      /** @var array plugin name => class name. */
  87      private static $classesforformat = array('site' => 'site');
  88  
  89      /**
  90       * Creates a new instance of class
  91       *
  92       * Please use course_get_format($courseorid) to get an instance of the format class
  93       *
  94       * @param string $format
  95       * @param int $courseid
  96       * @return course_format
  97       */
  98      protected function __construct($format, $courseid) {
  99          $this->format = $format;
 100          $this->courseid = $courseid;
 101      }
 102  
 103      /**
 104       * Validates that course format exists and enabled and returns either itself or default format
 105       *
 106       * @param string $format
 107       * @return string
 108       */
 109      protected static final function get_format_or_default($format) {
 110          global $CFG;
 111          require_once($CFG->dirroot . '/course/lib.php');
 112  
 113          if (array_key_exists($format, self::$classesforformat)) {
 114              return self::$classesforformat[$format];
 115          }
 116  
 117          $plugins = get_sorted_course_formats();
 118          foreach ($plugins as $plugin) {
 119              self::$classesforformat[$plugin] = $plugin;
 120          }
 121  
 122          if (array_key_exists($format, self::$classesforformat)) {
 123              return self::$classesforformat[$format];
 124          }
 125  
 126          if (PHPUNIT_TEST && class_exists('format_' . $format)) {
 127              // Allow unittests to use non-existing course formats.
 128              return $format;
 129          }
 130  
 131          // Else return default format.
 132          $defaultformat = get_config('moodlecourse', 'format');
 133          if (!in_array($defaultformat, $plugins)) {
 134              // When default format is not set correctly, use the first available format.
 135              $defaultformat = reset($plugins);
 136          }
 137          debugging('Format plugin format_'.$format.' is not found. Using default format_'.$defaultformat, DEBUG_DEVELOPER);
 138  
 139          self::$classesforformat[$format] = $defaultformat;
 140          return $defaultformat;
 141      }
 142  
 143      /**
 144       * Get class name for the format.
 145       *
 146       * If course format xxx does not declare class format_xxx, format_legacy will be returned.
 147       * This function also includes lib.php file from corresponding format plugin
 148       *
 149       * @param string $format
 150       * @return string
 151       */
 152      protected static final function get_class_name($format) {
 153          global $CFG;
 154          static $classnames = array('site' => 'format_site');
 155          if (!isset($classnames[$format])) {
 156              $plugins = core_component::get_plugin_list('format');
 157              $usedformat = self::get_format_or_default($format);
 158              if (isset($plugins[$usedformat]) && file_exists($plugins[$usedformat].'/lib.php')) {
 159                  require_once($plugins[$usedformat].'/lib.php');
 160              }
 161              $classnames[$format] = 'format_'. $usedformat;
 162              if (!class_exists($classnames[$format])) {
 163                  require_once($CFG->dirroot.'/course/format/formatlegacy.php');
 164                  $classnames[$format] = 'format_legacy';
 165              }
 166          }
 167          return $classnames[$format];
 168      }
 169  
 170      /**
 171       * Returns an instance of the class
 172       *
 173       * @todo MDL-35727 use MUC for caching of instances, limit the number of cached instances
 174       *
 175       * @param int|stdClass $courseorid either course id or
 176       *     an object that has the property 'format' and may contain property 'id'
 177       * @return course_format
 178       */
 179      public static final function instance($courseorid) {
 180          global $DB;
 181          if (!is_object($courseorid)) {
 182              $courseid = (int)$courseorid;
 183              if ($courseid && isset(self::$instances[$courseid]) && count(self::$instances[$courseid]) == 1) {
 184                  $formats = array_keys(self::$instances[$courseid]);
 185                  $format = reset($formats);
 186              } else {
 187                  $format = $DB->get_field('course', 'format', array('id' => $courseid), MUST_EXIST);
 188              }
 189          } else {
 190              $format = $courseorid->format;
 191              if (isset($courseorid->id)) {
 192                  $courseid = clean_param($courseorid->id, PARAM_INT);
 193              } else {
 194                  $courseid = 0;
 195              }
 196          }
 197          // Validate that format exists and enabled, use default otherwise.
 198          $format = self::get_format_or_default($format);
 199          if (!isset(self::$instances[$courseid][$format])) {
 200              $classname = self::get_class_name($format);
 201              self::$instances[$courseid][$format] = new $classname($format, $courseid);
 202          }
 203          return self::$instances[$courseid][$format];
 204      }
 205  
 206      /**
 207       * Resets cache for the course (or all caches)
 208       *
 209       * To be called from rebuild_course_cache()
 210       *
 211       * @param int $courseid
 212       */
 213      public static final function reset_course_cache($courseid = 0) {
 214          if ($courseid) {
 215              if (isset(self::$instances[$courseid])) {
 216                  foreach (self::$instances[$courseid] as $format => $object) {
 217                      // In case somebody keeps the reference to course format object.
 218                      self::$instances[$courseid][$format]->course = false;
 219                      self::$instances[$courseid][$format]->formatoptions = array();
 220                      self::$instances[$courseid][$format]->modinfo = null;
 221                  }
 222                  unset(self::$instances[$courseid]);
 223              }
 224          } else {
 225              self::$instances = array();
 226          }
 227      }
 228      /**
 229       * Reset the current user for all courses.
 230       *
 231       * The course format cache resets every time the course cache resets but
 232       * also when the user changes their language, all course editors
 233       *
 234       * @return void
 235       */
 236      public static function session_cache_reset_all(): void {
 237          $statecache = cache::make('core', 'courseeditorstate');
 238          $statecache->purge();
 239      }
 240  
 241      /**
 242       * Reset the current user course format cache.
 243       *
 244       * The course format cache resets every time the course cache resets but
 245       * also when the user changes their course format preference, complete
 246       * an activity...
 247       *
 248       * @param stdClass $course the course object
 249       * @return string the new statekey
 250       */
 251      public static function session_cache_reset(stdClass $course): string {
 252          $statecache = cache::make('core', 'courseeditorstate');
 253          $newkey = $course->cacherev . '_' . time();
 254          $statecache->set($course->id, $newkey);
 255          return $newkey;
 256      }
 257  
 258      /**
 259       * Return the current user course format cache key.
 260       *
 261       * The course format session cache can be used to cache the
 262       * user course representation. The statekey will be reset when the
 263       * the course state changes. For example when the course is edited,
 264       * the user completes an activity or simply some course preference
 265       * like collapsing a section happens.
 266       *
 267       * @param stdClass $course the course object
 268       * @return string the current statekey
 269       */
 270      public static function session_cache(stdClass $course): string {
 271          $statecache = cache::make('core', 'courseeditorstate');
 272          $statekey = $statecache->get($course->id);
 273          // Validate the statekey code.
 274          if (preg_match('/^[0-9]+_[0-9]+$/', $statekey)) {
 275              list($cacherev) = explode('_', $statekey);
 276              if ($cacherev == $course->cacherev) {
 277                  return $statekey;
 278              }
 279          }
 280          return self::session_cache_reset($course);
 281      }
 282  
 283      /**
 284       * Returns the format name used by this course
 285       *
 286       * @return string
 287       */
 288      public final function get_format() {
 289          return $this->format;
 290      }
 291  
 292      /**
 293       * Returns id of the course (0 if course is not specified)
 294       *
 295       * @return int
 296       */
 297      public final function get_courseid() {
 298          return $this->courseid;
 299      }
 300  
 301      /**
 302       * Returns a record from course database table plus additional fields
 303       * that course format defines
 304       *
 305       * @return stdClass
 306       */
 307      public function get_course() {
 308          global $DB;
 309          if (!$this->courseid) {
 310              return null;
 311          }
 312          if ($this->course === false) {
 313              $this->course = get_course($this->courseid);
 314              $options = $this->get_format_options();
 315              $dbcoursecolumns = null;
 316              foreach ($options as $optionname => $optionvalue) {
 317                  if (isset($this->course->$optionname)) {
 318                      // Course format options must not have the same names as existing columns in db table "course".
 319                      if (!isset($dbcoursecolumns)) {
 320                          $dbcoursecolumns = $DB->get_columns('course');
 321                      }
 322                      if (isset($dbcoursecolumns[$optionname])) {
 323                          debugging('The option name '.$optionname.' in course format '.$this->format.
 324                              ' is invalid because the field with the same name exists in {course} table',
 325                              DEBUG_DEVELOPER);
 326                          continue;
 327                      }
 328                  }
 329                  $this->course->$optionname = $optionvalue;
 330              }
 331          }
 332          return $this->course;
 333      }
 334  
 335      /**
 336       * Get the course display value for the current course.
 337       *
 338       * Formats extending topics or weeks will use coursedisplay as this setting name
 339       * so they don't need to override the method. However, if the format uses a different
 340       * display logic it must override this method to ensure the core renderers know
 341       * if a COURSE_DISPLAY_MULTIPAGE or COURSE_DISPLAY_SINGLEPAGE is being used.
 342       *
 343       * @return int The current value (COURSE_DISPLAY_MULTIPAGE or COURSE_DISPLAY_SINGLEPAGE)
 344       */
 345      public function get_course_display(): int {
 346          return $this->get_course()->coursedisplay ?? COURSE_DISPLAY_SINGLEPAGE;
 347      }
 348  
 349      /**
 350       * Return the current course modinfo.
 351       *
 352       * This method is used mainly by the output components to avoid unnecesary get_fast_modinfo calls.
 353       *
 354       * @return course_modinfo
 355       */
 356      public function get_modinfo(): course_modinfo {
 357          global $USER;
 358          if ($this->modinfo === null) {
 359              $this->modinfo = course_modinfo::instance($this->courseid, $USER->id);
 360          }
 361          return $this->modinfo;
 362      }
 363  
 364      /**
 365       * Method used in the rendered and during backup instead of legacy 'numsections'
 366       *
 367       * Default renderer will treat sections with sectionnumber greater that the value returned by this
 368       * method as "orphaned" and not display them on the course page unless in editing mode.
 369       * Backup will store this value as 'numsections'.
 370       *
 371       * This method ensures that 3rd party course format plugins that still use 'numsections' continue to
 372       * work but at the same time we no longer expect formats to have 'numsections' property.
 373       *
 374       * @return int
 375       */
 376      public function get_last_section_number() {
 377          $course = $this->get_course();
 378          if (isset($course->numsections)) {
 379              return $course->numsections;
 380          }
 381          $modinfo = get_fast_modinfo($course);
 382          $sections = $modinfo->get_section_info_all();
 383          return (int)max(array_keys($sections));
 384      }
 385  
 386      /**
 387       * Method used to get the maximum number of sections for this course format.
 388       * @return int
 389       */
 390      public function get_max_sections() {
 391          $maxsections = get_config('moodlecourse', 'maxsections');
 392          if (!isset($maxsections) || !is_numeric($maxsections)) {
 393              $maxsections = 52;
 394          }
 395          return $maxsections;
 396      }
 397  
 398      /**
 399       * Returns true if the course has a front page.
 400       *
 401       * This function is called to determine if the course has a view page, whether or not
 402       * it contains a listing of activities. It can be useful to set this to false when the course
 403       * format has only one activity and ignores the course page. Or if there are multiple
 404       * activities but no page to see the centralised information.
 405       *
 406       * Initially this was created to know if forms should add a button to return to the course page.
 407       * So if 'Return to course' does not make sense in your format your should probably return false.
 408       *
 409       * @return boolean
 410       * @since Moodle 2.6
 411       */
 412      public function has_view_page() {
 413          return true;
 414      }
 415  
 416      /**
 417       * Generate the title for this section page.
 418       *
 419       * @return string the page title
 420       */
 421      public function page_title(): string {
 422          global $PAGE;
 423          return $PAGE->title;
 424      }
 425  
 426      /**
 427       * Returns true if this course format uses sections
 428       *
 429       * This function may be called without specifying the course id
 430       * i.e. in course_format_uses_sections()
 431       *
 432       * Developers, note that if course format does use sections there should be defined a language
 433       * string with the name 'sectionname' defining what the section relates to in the format, i.e.
 434       * $string['sectionname'] = 'Topic';
 435       * or
 436       * $string['sectionname'] = 'Week';
 437       *
 438       * @return bool
 439       */
 440      public function uses_sections() {
 441          return false;
 442      }
 443  
 444      /**
 445       * Returns true if this course format uses course index
 446       *
 447       * This function may be called without specifying the course id
 448       * i.e. in course_index_drawer()
 449       *
 450       * @return bool
 451       */
 452      public function uses_course_index() {
 453          return false;
 454      }
 455  
 456      /**
 457       * Returns true if this course format uses activity indentation.
 458       *
 459       * @return bool if the course format uses indentation.
 460       */
 461      public function uses_indentation(): bool {
 462          return true;
 463      }
 464  
 465      /**
 466       * Returns a list of sections used in the course
 467       *
 468       * This is a shortcut to get_fast_modinfo()->get_section_info_all()
 469       * @see get_fast_modinfo()
 470       * @see course_modinfo::get_section_info_all()
 471       *
 472       * @return array of section_info objects
 473       */
 474      public final function get_sections() {
 475          if ($course = $this->get_course()) {
 476              $modinfo = get_fast_modinfo($course);
 477              return $modinfo->get_section_info_all();
 478          }
 479          return array();
 480      }
 481  
 482      /**
 483       * Returns information about section used in course
 484       *
 485       * @param int|stdClass $section either section number (field course_section.section) or row from course_section table
 486       * @param int $strictness
 487       * @return section_info
 488       */
 489      public final function get_section($section, $strictness = IGNORE_MISSING) {
 490          if (is_object($section)) {
 491              $sectionnum = $section->section;
 492          } else {
 493              $sectionnum = $section;
 494          }
 495          $sections = $this->get_sections();
 496          if (array_key_exists($sectionnum, $sections)) {
 497              return $sections[$sectionnum];
 498          }
 499          if ($strictness == MUST_EXIST) {
 500              throw new moodle_exception('sectionnotexist');
 501          }
 502          return null;
 503      }
 504  
 505      /**
 506       * Returns the display name of the given section that the course prefers.
 507       *
 508       * @param int|stdClass $section Section object from database or just field course_sections.section
 509       * @return Display name that the course format prefers, e.g. "Topic 2"
 510       */
 511      public function get_section_name($section) {
 512          if (is_object($section)) {
 513              $sectionnum = $section->section;
 514          } else {
 515              $sectionnum = $section;
 516          }
 517  
 518          if (get_string_manager()->string_exists('sectionname', 'format_' . $this->format)) {
 519              return get_string('sectionname', 'format_' . $this->format) . ' ' . $sectionnum;
 520          }
 521  
 522          // Return an empty string if there's no available section name string for the given format.
 523          return '';
 524      }
 525  
 526      /**
 527       * Returns the default section using course_format's implementation of get_section_name.
 528       *
 529       * @param int|stdClass $section Section object from database or just field course_sections section
 530       * @return string The default value for the section name based on the given course format.
 531       */
 532      public function get_default_section_name($section) {
 533          return self::get_section_name($section);
 534      }
 535  
 536      /**
 537       * Returns the name for the highlighted section.
 538       *
 539       * @return string The name for the highlighted section based on the given course format.
 540       */
 541      public function get_section_highlighted_name(): string {
 542          return get_string('highlighted');
 543      }
 544  
 545      /**
 546       * Set if the current format instance will show multiple sections or an individual one.
 547       *
 548       * Some formats has the hability to swith from one section to multiple sections per page,
 549       * this method replaces the old print_multiple_section_page and print_single_section_page.
 550       *
 551       * @param int $singlesection zero for all sections or a section number
 552       */
 553      public function set_section_number(int $singlesection): void {
 554          $this->singlesection = $singlesection;
 555      }
 556  
 557      /**
 558       * Set if the current format instance will show multiple sections or an individual one.
 559       *
 560       * Some formats has the hability to swith from one section to multiple sections per page,
 561       * output components will use this method to know if the current display is a single or
 562       * multiple sections.
 563       *
 564       * @return int zero for all sections or the sectin number
 565       */
 566      public function get_section_number(): int {
 567          return $this->singlesection;
 568      }
 569  
 570      /**
 571       * Return the format section preferences.
 572       *
 573       * @return array of preferences indexed by sectionid
 574       */
 575      public function get_sections_preferences(): array {
 576          global $USER;
 577  
 578          $result = [];
 579  
 580          $course = $this->get_course();
 581          $coursesectionscache = cache::make('core', 'coursesectionspreferences');
 582  
 583          $coursesections = $coursesectionscache->get($course->id);
 584          if ($coursesections) {
 585              return $coursesections;
 586          }
 587  
 588          $sectionpreferences = $this->get_sections_preferences_by_preference();
 589  
 590          foreach ($sectionpreferences as $preference => $sectionids) {
 591              if (!empty($sectionids) && is_array($sectionids)) {
 592                  foreach ($sectionids as $sectionid) {
 593                      if (!isset($result[$sectionid])) {
 594                          $result[$sectionid] = new stdClass();
 595                      }
 596                      $result[$sectionid]->$preference = true;
 597                  }
 598              }
 599          }
 600  
 601          $coursesectionscache->set($course->id, $result);
 602          return $result;
 603      }
 604  
 605      /**
 606       * Return the format section preferences.
 607       *
 608       * @return array of preferences indexed by preference name
 609       */
 610      public function get_sections_preferences_by_preference(): array {
 611          global $USER;
 612          $course = $this->get_course();
 613          try {
 614              $sectionpreferences = (array) json_decode(
 615                  get_user_preferences('coursesectionspreferences_' . $course->id, null, $USER->id)
 616              );
 617              if (empty($sectionpreferences)) {
 618                  $sectionpreferences = [];
 619              }
 620          } catch (\Throwable $e) {
 621              $sectionpreferences = [];
 622          }
 623          return $sectionpreferences;
 624      }
 625  
 626      /**
 627       * Return the format section preferences.
 628       *
 629       * @param string $preferencename preference name
 630       * @param int[] $sectionids affected section ids
 631       *
 632       */
 633      public function set_sections_preference(string $preferencename, array $sectionids) {
 634          global $USER;
 635          $course = $this->get_course();
 636          $sectionpreferences = $this->get_sections_preferences_by_preference();
 637          $sectionpreferences[$preferencename] = $sectionids;
 638          set_user_preference('coursesectionspreferences_' . $course->id, json_encode($sectionpreferences), $USER->id);
 639          // Invalidate section preferences cache.
 640          $coursesectionscache = cache::make('core', 'coursesectionspreferences');
 641          $coursesectionscache->delete($course->id);
 642      }
 643  
 644      /**
 645       * Returns the information about the ajax support in the given source format
 646       *
 647       * The returned object's property (boolean)capable indicates that
 648       * the course format supports Moodle course ajax features.
 649       *
 650       * @return stdClass
 651       */
 652      public function supports_ajax() {
 653          // No support by default.
 654          $ajaxsupport = new stdClass();
 655          $ajaxsupport->capable = false;
 656          return $ajaxsupport;
 657      }
 658  
 659      /**
 660       * Returns true if this course format is compatible with content components.
 661       *
 662       * Using components means the content elements can watch the frontend course state and
 663       * react to the changes. Formats with component compatibility can have more interactions
 664       * without refreshing the page, like having drag and drop from the course index to reorder
 665       * sections and activities.
 666       *
 667       * @return bool if the format is compatible with components.
 668       */
 669      public function supports_components() {
 670          return false;
 671      }
 672  
 673  
 674      /**
 675       * Custom action after section has been moved in AJAX mode
 676       *
 677       * Used in course/rest.php
 678       *
 679       * @return array This will be passed in ajax respose
 680       */
 681      public function ajax_section_move() {
 682          return null;
 683      }
 684  
 685      /**
 686       * The URL to use for the specified course (with section)
 687       *
 688       * Please note that course view page /course/view.php?id=COURSEID is hardcoded in many
 689       * places in core and contributed modules. If course format wants to change the location
 690       * of the view script, it is not enough to change just this function. Do not forget
 691       * to add proper redirection.
 692       *
 693       * @param int|stdClass $section Section object from database or just field course_sections.section
 694       *     if null the course view page is returned
 695       * @param array $options options for view URL. At the moment core uses:
 696       *     'navigation' (bool) if true and section has no separate page, the function returns null
 697       *     'sr' (int) used by multipage formats to specify to which section to return
 698       * @return null|moodle_url
 699       */
 700      public function get_view_url($section, $options = array()) {
 701          global $CFG;
 702          $course = $this->get_course();
 703          $url = new moodle_url('/course/view.php', array('id' => $course->id));
 704  
 705          if (array_key_exists('sr', $options)) {
 706              $sectionno = $options['sr'];
 707          } else if (is_object($section)) {
 708              $sectionno = $section->section;
 709          } else {
 710              $sectionno = $section;
 711          }
 712          if (empty($CFG->linkcoursesections) && !empty($options['navigation']) && $sectionno !== null) {
 713              // By default assume that sections are never displayed on separate pages.
 714              return null;
 715          }
 716          if ($this->uses_sections() && $sectionno !== null) {
 717              $url->set_anchor('section-'.$sectionno);
 718          }
 719          return $url;
 720      }
 721  
 722      /**
 723       * Loads all of the course sections into the navigation
 724       *
 725       * This method is called from global_navigation::load_course_sections()
 726       *
 727       * By default the method global_navigation::load_generic_course_sections() is called
 728       *
 729       * When overwriting please note that navigationlib relies on using the correct values for
 730       * arguments $type and $key in navigation_node::add()
 731       *
 732       * Example of code creating a section node:
 733       * $sectionnode = $node->add($sectionname, $url, navigation_node::TYPE_SECTION, null, $section->id);
 734       * $sectionnode->nodetype = navigation_node::NODETYPE_BRANCH;
 735       *
 736       * Example of code creating an activity node:
 737       * $activitynode = $sectionnode->add($activityname, $action, navigation_node::TYPE_ACTIVITY, null, $activity->id, $icon);
 738       * if (global_navigation::module_extends_navigation($activity->modname)) {
 739       *     $activitynode->nodetype = navigation_node::NODETYPE_BRANCH;
 740       * } else {
 741       *     $activitynode->nodetype = navigation_node::NODETYPE_LEAF;
 742       * }
 743       *
 744       * Also note that if $navigation->includesectionnum is not null, the section with this relative
 745       * number needs is expected to be loaded
 746       *
 747       * @param global_navigation $navigation
 748       * @param navigation_node $node The course node within the navigation
 749       */
 750      public function extend_course_navigation($navigation, navigation_node $node) {
 751          if ($course = $this->get_course()) {
 752              $navigation->load_generic_course_sections($course, $node);
 753          }
 754          return array();
 755      }
 756  
 757      /**
 758       * Returns the list of blocks to be automatically added for the newly created course
 759       *
 760       * @see blocks_add_default_course_blocks()
 761       *
 762       * @return array of default blocks, must contain two keys BLOCK_POS_LEFT and BLOCK_POS_RIGHT
 763       *     each of values is an array of block names (for left and right side columns)
 764       */
 765      public function get_default_blocks() {
 766          global $CFG;
 767          if (isset($CFG->defaultblocks)) {
 768              return blocks_parse_default_blocks_list($CFG->defaultblocks);
 769          }
 770          $blocknames = array(
 771              BLOCK_POS_LEFT => array(),
 772              BLOCK_POS_RIGHT => array()
 773          );
 774          return $blocknames;
 775      }
 776  
 777      /**
 778       * Returns the localised name of this course format plugin
 779       *
 780       * @return lang_string
 781       */
 782      public final function get_format_name() {
 783          return new lang_string('pluginname', 'format_'.$this->get_format());
 784      }
 785  
 786      /**
 787       * Definitions of the additional options that this course format uses for course
 788       *
 789       * This function may be called often, it should be as fast as possible.
 790       * Avoid using get_string() method, use "new lang_string()" instead
 791       * It is not recommended to use dynamic or course-dependant expressions here
 792       * This function may be also called when course does not exist yet.
 793       *
 794       * Option names must be different from fields in the {course} talbe or any form elements on
 795       * course edit form, it may even make sence to use special prefix for them.
 796       *
 797       * Each option must have the option name as a key and the array of properties as a value:
 798       * 'default' - default value for this option (assumed null if not specified)
 799       * 'type' - type of the option value (PARAM_INT, PARAM_RAW, etc.)
 800       *
 801       * Additional properties used by default implementation of
 802       * course_format::create_edit_form_elements() (calls this method with $foreditform = true)
 803       * 'label' - localised human-readable label for the edit form
 804       * 'element_type' - type of the form element, default 'text'
 805       * 'element_attributes' - additional attributes for the form element, these are 4th and further
 806       *    arguments in the moodleform::addElement() method
 807       * 'help' - string for help button. Note that if 'help' value is 'myoption' then the string with
 808       *    the name 'myoption_help' must exist in the language file
 809       * 'help_component' - language component to look for help string, by default this the component
 810       *    for this course format
 811       *
 812       * This is an interface for creating simple form elements. If format plugin wants to use other
 813       * methods such as disableIf, it can be done by overriding create_edit_form_elements().
 814       *
 815       * Course format options can be accessed as:
 816       * $this->get_course()->OPTIONNAME (inside the format class)
 817       * course_get_format($course)->get_course()->OPTIONNAME (outside of format class)
 818       *
 819       * All course options are returned by calling:
 820       * $this->get_format_options();
 821       *
 822       * @param bool $foreditform
 823       * @return array of options
 824       */
 825      public function course_format_options($foreditform = false) {
 826          return array();
 827      }
 828  
 829      /**
 830       * Definitions of the additional options that this course format uses for section
 831       *
 832       * See course_format::course_format_options() for return array definition.
 833       *
 834       * Additionally section format options may have property 'cache' set to true
 835       * if this option needs to be cached in get_fast_modinfo(). The 'cache' property
 836       * is recommended to be set only for fields used in course_format::get_section_name(),
 837       * course_format::extend_course_navigation() and course_format::get_view_url()
 838       *
 839       * For better performance cached options are recommended to have 'cachedefault' property
 840       * Unlike 'default', 'cachedefault' should be static and not access get_config().
 841       *
 842       * Regardless of value of 'cache' all options are accessed in the code as
 843       * $sectioninfo->OPTIONNAME
 844       * where $sectioninfo is instance of section_info, returned by
 845       * get_fast_modinfo($course)->get_section_info($sectionnum)
 846       * or get_fast_modinfo($course)->get_section_info_all()
 847       *
 848       * All format options for particular section are returned by calling:
 849       * $this->get_format_options($section);
 850       *
 851       * @param bool $foreditform
 852       * @return array
 853       */
 854      public function section_format_options($foreditform = false) {
 855          return array();
 856      }
 857  
 858      /**
 859       * Returns the format options stored for this course or course section
 860       *
 861       * When overriding please note that this function is called from rebuild_course_cache()
 862       * and section_info object, therefore using of get_fast_modinfo() and/or any function that
 863       * accesses it may lead to recursion.
 864       *
 865       * @param null|int|stdClass|section_info $section if null the course format options will be returned
 866       *     otherwise options for specified section will be returned. This can be either
 867       *     section object or relative section number (field course_sections.section)
 868       * @return array
 869       */
 870      public function get_format_options($section = null) {
 871          global $DB;
 872          if ($section === null) {
 873              $options = $this->course_format_options();
 874          } else {
 875              $options = $this->section_format_options();
 876          }
 877          if (empty($options)) {
 878              // There are no option for course/sections anyway, no need to go further.
 879              return array();
 880          }
 881          if ($section === null) {
 882              // Course format options will be returned.
 883              $sectionid = 0;
 884          } else if ($this->courseid && isset($section->id)) {
 885              // Course section format options will be returned.
 886              $sectionid = $section->id;
 887          } else if ($this->courseid && is_int($section) &&
 888                  ($sectionobj = $DB->get_record('course_sections',
 889                          array('section' => $section, 'course' => $this->courseid), 'id'))) {
 890              // Course section format options will be returned.
 891              $sectionid = $sectionobj->id;
 892          } else {
 893              // Non-existing (yet) section was passed as an argument
 894              // default format options for course section will be returned.
 895              $sectionid = -1;
 896          }
 897          if (!array_key_exists($sectionid, $this->formatoptions)) {
 898              $this->formatoptions[$sectionid] = array();
 899              // First fill with default values.
 900              foreach ($options as $optionname => $optionparams) {
 901                  $this->formatoptions[$sectionid][$optionname] = null;
 902                  if (array_key_exists('default', $optionparams)) {
 903                      $this->formatoptions[$sectionid][$optionname] = $optionparams['default'];
 904                  }
 905              }
 906              if ($this->courseid && $sectionid !== -1) {
 907                  // Overwrite the default options values with those stored in course_format_options table
 908                  // nothing can be stored if we are interested in generic course ($this->courseid == 0)
 909                  // or generic section ($sectionid === 0).
 910                  $records = $DB->get_records('course_format_options',
 911                          array('courseid' => $this->courseid,
 912                                'format' => $this->format,
 913                                'sectionid' => $sectionid
 914                              ), '', 'id,name,value');
 915                  $indexedrecords = [];
 916                  foreach ($records as $record) {
 917                      $indexedrecords[$record->name] = $record->value;
 918                  }
 919                  foreach ($options as $optionname => $option) {
 920                      contract_value($this->formatoptions[$sectionid], $indexedrecords, $option, $optionname);
 921                  }
 922              }
 923          }
 924          return $this->formatoptions[$sectionid];
 925      }
 926  
 927      /**
 928       * Adds format options elements to the course/section edit form
 929       *
 930       * This function is called from course_edit_form::definition_after_data()
 931       *
 932       * @param MoodleQuickForm $mform form the elements are added to
 933       * @param bool $forsection 'true' if this is a section edit form, 'false' if this is course edit form
 934       * @return array array of references to the added form elements
 935       */
 936      public function create_edit_form_elements(&$mform, $forsection = false) {
 937          $elements = array();
 938          if ($forsection) {
 939              $options = $this->section_format_options(true);
 940          } else {
 941              $options = $this->course_format_options(true);
 942          }
 943          foreach ($options as $optionname => $option) {
 944              if (!isset($option['element_type'])) {
 945                  $option['element_type'] = 'text';
 946              }
 947              $args = array($option['element_type'], $optionname, $option['label']);
 948              if (!empty($option['element_attributes'])) {
 949                  $args = array_merge($args, $option['element_attributes']);
 950              }
 951              $elements[] = call_user_func_array(array($mform, 'addElement'), $args);
 952              if (isset($option['help'])) {
 953                  $helpcomponent = 'format_'. $this->get_format();
 954                  if (isset($option['help_component'])) {
 955                      $helpcomponent = $option['help_component'];
 956                  }
 957                  $mform->addHelpButton($optionname, $option['help'], $helpcomponent);
 958              }
 959              if (isset($option['type'])) {
 960                  $mform->setType($optionname, $option['type']);
 961              }
 962              if (isset($option['default']) && !array_key_exists($optionname, $mform->_defaultValues)) {
 963                  // Set defaults for the elements in the form.
 964                  // Since we call this method after set_data() make sure that we don't override what was already set.
 965                  $mform->setDefault($optionname, $option['default']);
 966              }
 967          }
 968  
 969          if (!$forsection && empty($this->courseid)) {
 970              // Check if course end date form field should be enabled by default.
 971              // If a default date is provided to the form element, it is magically enabled by default in the
 972              // MoodleQuickForm_date_time_selector class, otherwise it's disabled by default.
 973              if (get_config('moodlecourse', 'courseenddateenabled')) {
 974                  // At this stage (this is called from definition_after_data) course data is already set as default.
 975                  // We can not overwrite what is in the database.
 976                  $mform->setDefault('enddate', $this->get_default_course_enddate($mform));
 977              }
 978          }
 979  
 980          return $elements;
 981      }
 982  
 983      /**
 984       * Override if you need to perform some extra validation of the format options
 985       *
 986       * @param array $data array of ("fieldname"=>value) of submitted data
 987       * @param array $files array of uploaded files "element_name"=>tmp_file_path
 988       * @param array $errors errors already discovered in edit form validation
 989       * @return array of "element_name"=>"error_description" if there are errors,
 990       *         or an empty array if everything is OK.
 991       *         Do not repeat errors from $errors param here
 992       */
 993      public function edit_form_validation($data, $files, $errors) {
 994          return array();
 995      }
 996  
 997      /**
 998       * Prepares values of course or section format options before storing them in DB
 999       *
1000       * If an option has invalid value it is not returned
1001       *
1002       * @param array $rawdata associative array of the proposed course/section format options
1003       * @param int|null $sectionid null if it is course format option
1004       * @return array array of options that have valid values
1005       */
1006      protected function validate_format_options(array $rawdata, int $sectionid = null) : array {
1007          if (!$sectionid) {
1008              $allformatoptions = $this->course_format_options(true);
1009          } else {
1010              $allformatoptions = $this->section_format_options(true);
1011          }
1012          $data = array_intersect_key($rawdata, $allformatoptions);
1013          foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
1014              $option = $allformatoptions[$key] + ['type' => PARAM_RAW, 'element_type' => null, 'element_attributes' => [[]]];
1015              expand_value($data, $data, $option, $key);
1016              if ($option['element_type'] === 'select' && !array_key_exists($data[$key], $option['element_attributes'][0])) {
1017                  // Value invalid for select element, skip.
1018                  unset($data[$key]);
1019              }
1020          }
1021          return $data;
1022      }
1023  
1024      /**
1025       * Validates format options for the course
1026       *
1027       * @param array $data data to insert/update
1028       * @return array array of options that have valid values
1029       */
1030      public function validate_course_format_options(array $data) : array {
1031          return $this->validate_format_options($data);
1032      }
1033  
1034      /**
1035       * Updates format options for a course or section
1036       *
1037       * If $data does not contain property with the option name, the option will not be updated
1038       *
1039       * @param stdClass|array $data return value from moodleform::get_data() or array with data
1040       * @param null|int $sectionid null if these are options for course or section id (course_sections.id)
1041       *     if these are options for section
1042       * @return bool whether there were any changes to the options values
1043       */
1044      protected function update_format_options($data, $sectionid = null) {
1045          global $DB;
1046          $data = $this->validate_format_options((array)$data, $sectionid);
1047          if (!$sectionid) {
1048              $allformatoptions = $this->course_format_options();
1049              $sectionid = 0;
1050          } else {
1051              $allformatoptions = $this->section_format_options();
1052          }
1053          if (empty($allformatoptions)) {
1054              // Nothing to update anyway.
1055              return false;
1056          }
1057          $defaultoptions = array();
1058          $cached = array();
1059          foreach ($allformatoptions as $key => $option) {
1060              $defaultoptions[$key] = null;
1061              if (array_key_exists('default', $option)) {
1062                  $defaultoptions[$key] = $option['default'];
1063              }
1064              expand_value($defaultoptions, $defaultoptions, $option, $key);
1065              $cached[$key] = ($sectionid === 0 || !empty($option['cache']));
1066          }
1067          $records = $DB->get_records('course_format_options',
1068                  array('courseid' => $this->courseid,
1069                        'format' => $this->format,
1070                        'sectionid' => $sectionid
1071                      ), '', 'name,id,value');
1072          $changed = $needrebuild = false;
1073          foreach ($defaultoptions as $key => $value) {
1074              if (isset($records[$key])) {
1075                  if (array_key_exists($key, $data) && $records[$key]->value !== $data[$key]) {
1076                      $DB->set_field('course_format_options', 'value',
1077                              $data[$key], array('id' => $records[$key]->id));
1078                      $changed = true;
1079                      $needrebuild = $needrebuild || $cached[$key];
1080                  }
1081              } else {
1082                  if (array_key_exists($key, $data) && $data[$key] !== $value) {
1083                      $newvalue = $data[$key];
1084                      $changed = true;
1085                      $needrebuild = $needrebuild || $cached[$key];
1086                  } else {
1087                      $newvalue = $value;
1088                      // We still insert entry in DB but there are no changes from user point of
1089                      // view and no need to call rebuild_course_cache().
1090                  }
1091                  $DB->insert_record('course_format_options', array(
1092                      'courseid' => $this->courseid,
1093                      'format' => $this->format,
1094                      'sectionid' => $sectionid,
1095                      'name' => $key,
1096                      'value' => $newvalue
1097                  ));
1098              }
1099          }
1100          if ($needrebuild) {
1101              if ($sectionid) {
1102                  // Invalidate the section cache by given section id.
1103                  course_modinfo::purge_course_section_cache_by_id($this->courseid, $sectionid);
1104                  // Partial rebuild sections that have been invalidated.
1105                  rebuild_course_cache($this->courseid, true, true);
1106              } else {
1107                  // Full rebuild if sectionid is null.
1108                  rebuild_course_cache($this->courseid);
1109              }
1110          }
1111          if ($changed) {
1112              // Reset internal caches.
1113              if (!$sectionid) {
1114                  $this->course = false;
1115              }
1116              unset($this->formatoptions[$sectionid]);
1117          }
1118          return $changed;
1119      }
1120  
1121      /**
1122       * Updates format options for a course
1123       *
1124       * If $data does not contain property with the option name, the option will not be updated
1125       *
1126       * @param stdClass|array $data return value from moodleform::get_data() or array with data
1127       * @param stdClass $oldcourse if this function is called from update_course()
1128       *     this object contains information about the course before update
1129       * @return bool whether there were any changes to the options values
1130       */
1131      public function update_course_format_options($data, $oldcourse = null) {
1132          return $this->update_format_options($data);
1133      }
1134  
1135      /**
1136       * Updates format options for a section
1137       *
1138       * Section id is expected in $data->id (or $data['id'])
1139       * If $data does not contain property with the option name, the option will not be updated
1140       *
1141       * @param stdClass|array $data return value from moodleform::get_data() or array with data
1142       * @return bool whether there were any changes to the options values
1143       */
1144      public function update_section_format_options($data) {
1145          $data = (array)$data;
1146          return $this->update_format_options($data, $data['id']);
1147      }
1148  
1149      /**
1150       * Return an instance of moodleform to edit a specified section
1151       *
1152       * Default implementation returns instance of editsection_form that automatically adds
1153       * additional fields defined in course_format::section_format_options()
1154       *
1155       * Format plugins may extend editsection_form if they want to have custom edit section form.
1156       *
1157       * @param mixed $action the action attribute for the form. If empty defaults to auto detect the
1158       *              current url. If a moodle_url object then outputs params as hidden variables.
1159       * @param array $customdata the array with custom data to be passed to the form
1160       *     /course/editsection.php passes section_info object in 'cs' field
1161       *     for filling availability fields
1162       * @return moodleform
1163       */
1164      public function editsection_form($action, $customdata = array()) {
1165          global $CFG;
1166          require_once($CFG->dirroot. '/course/editsection_form.php');
1167          if (!array_key_exists('course', $customdata)) {
1168              $customdata['course'] = $this->get_course();
1169          }
1170          return new editsection_form($action, $customdata);
1171      }
1172  
1173      /**
1174       * Allows course format to execute code on moodle_page::set_course()
1175       *
1176       * @param moodle_page $page instance of page calling set_course
1177       */
1178      public function page_set_course(moodle_page $page) {
1179      }
1180  
1181      /**
1182       * Allows course format to execute code on moodle_page::set_cm()
1183       *
1184       * Current module can be accessed as $page->cm (returns instance of cm_info)
1185       *
1186       * @param moodle_page $page instance of page calling set_cm
1187       */
1188      public function page_set_cm(moodle_page $page) {
1189      }
1190  
1191      /**
1192       * Course-specific information to be output on any course page (usually above navigation bar)
1193       *
1194       * Example of usage:
1195       * define
1196       * class format_FORMATNAME_XXX implements renderable {}
1197       *
1198       * create format renderer in course/format/FORMATNAME/renderer.php, define rendering function:
1199       * class format_FORMATNAME_renderer extends plugin_renderer_base {
1200       *     protected function render_format_FORMATNAME_XXX(format_FORMATNAME_XXX $xxx) {
1201       *         return html_writer::tag('div', 'This is my header/footer');
1202       *     }
1203       * }
1204       *
1205       * Return instance of format_FORMATNAME_XXX in this function, the appropriate method from
1206       * plugin renderer will be called
1207       *
1208       * @return null|renderable null for no output or object with data for plugin renderer
1209       */
1210      public function course_header() {
1211          return null;
1212      }
1213  
1214      /**
1215       * Course-specific information to be output on any course page (usually in the beginning of
1216       * standard footer)
1217       *
1218       * See course_format::course_header() for usage
1219       *
1220       * @return null|renderable null for no output or object with data for plugin renderer
1221       */
1222      public function course_footer() {
1223          return null;
1224      }
1225  
1226      /**
1227       * Course-specific information to be output immediately above content on any course page
1228       *
1229       * See course_format::course_header() for usage
1230       *
1231       * @return null|renderable null for no output or object with data for plugin renderer
1232       */
1233      public function course_content_header() {
1234          return null;
1235      }
1236  
1237      /**
1238       * Course-specific information to be output immediately below content on any course page
1239       *
1240       * See course_format::course_header() for usage
1241       *
1242       * @return null|renderable null for no output or object with data for plugin renderer
1243       */
1244      public function course_content_footer() {
1245          return null;
1246      }
1247  
1248      /**
1249       * Returns instance of page renderer used by this plugin
1250       *
1251       * @param moodle_page $page
1252       * @return renderer_base
1253       */
1254      public function get_renderer(moodle_page $page) {
1255          try {
1256              $renderer = $page->get_renderer('format_'. $this->get_format());
1257          } catch (moodle_exception $e) {
1258              $formatname = $this->get_format();
1259              $expectedrenderername = 'format_'. $this->get_format() . '\output\renderer';
1260              debugging(
1261                  "The '{$formatname}' course format does not define the {$expectedrenderername} renderer class. This is required since Moodle 4.0.",
1262                   DEBUG_DEVELOPER
1263              );
1264              $renderer = new legacy_renderer($page, null);
1265          }
1266  
1267          return $renderer;
1268      }
1269  
1270      /**
1271       * Returns instance of output component used by this plugin
1272       *
1273       * @throws coding_exception if the format class does not extends the original core one.
1274       * @param string $outputname the element to render (section, activity...)
1275       * @return string the output component classname
1276       */
1277      public function get_output_classname(string $outputname): string {
1278          // The core output class.
1279          $baseclass = "core_courseformat\\output\\local\\$outputname";
1280  
1281          // Look in this format and any parent formats before we get to the base one.
1282          $classes = array_merge([get_class($this)], class_parents($this));
1283          foreach ($classes as $component) {
1284              if ($component === self::class) {
1285                  break;
1286              }
1287  
1288              // Because course formats are in the root namespace, there is no need to process the
1289              // class name - it is already a Frankenstyle component name beginning 'format_'.
1290  
1291              // Check if there is a specific class in this format.
1292              $outputclass = "$component\\output\\courseformat\\$outputname";
1293              if (class_exists($outputclass)) {
1294                  // Check that the outputclass is a subclass of the base class.
1295                  if (!is_subclass_of($outputclass, $baseclass)) {
1296                      throw new coding_exception("The \"$outputclass\" must extend \"$baseclass\"");
1297                  }
1298                  return $outputclass;
1299              }
1300          }
1301  
1302          return $baseclass;
1303      }
1304  
1305      /**
1306       * Returns true if the specified section is current
1307       *
1308       * By default we analyze $course->marker
1309       *
1310       * @param int|stdClass|section_info $section
1311       * @return bool
1312       */
1313      public function is_section_current($section) {
1314          if (is_object($section)) {
1315              $sectionnum = $section->section;
1316          } else {
1317              $sectionnum = $section;
1318          }
1319          return ($sectionnum && ($course = $this->get_course()) && $course->marker == $sectionnum);
1320      }
1321  
1322      /**
1323       * Returns if an specific section is visible to the current user.
1324       *
1325       * Formats can overrride this method to implement any special section logic.
1326       *
1327       * @param section_info $section the section modinfo
1328       * @return bool;
1329       */
1330      public function is_section_visible(section_info $section): bool {
1331          // Previous to Moodle 4.0 thas logic was hardcoded. To prevent errors in the contrib plugins
1332          // the default logic is the same required for topics and weeks format and still uses
1333          // a "hiddensections" format setting.
1334          $course = $this->get_course();
1335          $hidesections = $course->hiddensections ?? true;
1336          // Show the section if the user is permitted to access it, OR if it's not available
1337          // but there is some available info text which explains the reason & should display,
1338          // OR it is hidden but the course has a setting to display hidden sections as unavailable.
1339          return $section->uservisible ||
1340              ($section->visible && !$section->available && !empty($section->availableinfo)) ||
1341              (!$section->visible && !$hidesections);
1342      }
1343  
1344      /**
1345       * return true if the course editor must be displayed.
1346       *
1347       * @param array|null $capabilities array of capabilities a user needs to have to see edit controls in general.
1348       *  If null or not specified, the user needs to have 'moodle/course:manageactivities'
1349       * @return bool true if edit controls must be displayed
1350       */
1351      public function show_editor(?array $capabilities = ['moodle/course:manageactivities']): bool {
1352          global $PAGE;
1353          $course = $this->get_course();
1354          $coursecontext = context_course::instance($course->id);
1355          if ($capabilities === null) {
1356              $capabilities = ['moodle/course:manageactivities'];
1357          }
1358          return $PAGE->user_is_editing() && has_all_capabilities($capabilities, $coursecontext);
1359      }
1360  
1361      /**
1362       * Allows to specify for modinfo that section is not available even when it is visible and conditionally available.
1363       *
1364       * Note: affected user can be retrieved as: $section->modinfo->userid
1365       *
1366       * Course format plugins can override the method to change the properties $available and $availableinfo that were
1367       * calculated by conditional availability.
1368       * To make section unavailable set:
1369       *     $available = false;
1370       * To make unavailable section completely hidden set:
1371       *     $availableinfo = '';
1372       * To make unavailable section visible with availability message set:
1373       *     $availableinfo = get_string('sectionhidden', 'format_xxx');
1374       *
1375       * @param section_info $section
1376       * @param bool $available the 'available' propery of the section_info as it was evaluated by conditional availability.
1377       *     Can be changed by the method but 'false' can not be overridden by 'true'.
1378       * @param string $availableinfo the 'availableinfo' propery of the section_info as it was evaluated by conditional availability.
1379       *     Can be changed by the method
1380       */
1381      public function section_get_available_hook(section_info $section, &$available, &$availableinfo) {
1382      }
1383  
1384      /**
1385       * Whether this format allows to delete sections
1386       *
1387       * If format supports deleting sections it is also recommended to define language string
1388       * 'deletesection' inside the format.
1389       *
1390       * Do not call this function directly, instead use course_can_delete_section()
1391       *
1392       * @param int|stdClass|section_info $section
1393       * @return bool
1394       */
1395      public function can_delete_section($section) {
1396          return false;
1397      }
1398  
1399      /**
1400       * Deletes a section
1401       *
1402       * Do not call this function directly, instead call course_delete_section()
1403       *
1404       * @param int|stdClass|section_info $section
1405       * @param bool $forcedeleteifnotempty if set to false section will not be deleted if it has modules in it.
1406       * @return bool whether section was deleted
1407       */
1408      public function delete_section($section, $forcedeleteifnotempty = false) {
1409          global $DB;
1410          if (!$this->uses_sections()) {
1411              // Not possible to delete section if sections are not used.
1412              return false;
1413          }
1414          if (!is_object($section)) {
1415              $section = $DB->get_record('course_sections', array('course' => $this->get_courseid(), 'section' => $section),
1416                  'id,section,sequence,summary');
1417          }
1418          if (!$section || !$section->section) {
1419              // Not possible to delete 0-section.
1420              return false;
1421          }
1422  
1423          if (!$forcedeleteifnotempty && (!empty($section->sequence) || !empty($section->summary))) {
1424              return false;
1425          }
1426  
1427          $course = $this->get_course();
1428  
1429          // Remove the marker if it points to this section.
1430          if ($section->section == $course->marker) {
1431              course_set_marker($course->id, 0);
1432          }
1433  
1434          $lastsection = $DB->get_field_sql('SELECT max(section) from {course_sections}
1435                              WHERE course = ?', array($course->id));
1436  
1437          // Find out if we need to descrease the 'numsections' property later.
1438          $courseformathasnumsections = array_key_exists('numsections',
1439              $this->get_format_options());
1440          $decreasenumsections = $courseformathasnumsections && ($section->section <= $course->numsections);
1441  
1442          // Move the section to the end.
1443          move_section_to($course, $section->section, $lastsection, true);
1444  
1445          // Delete all modules from the section.
1446          foreach (preg_split('/,/', $section->sequence, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY) as $cmid) {
1447              course_delete_module($cmid);
1448          }
1449  
1450          // Delete section and it's format options.
1451          $DB->delete_records('course_format_options', array('sectionid' => $section->id));
1452          $DB->delete_records('course_sections', array('id' => $section->id));
1453          // Invalidate the section cache by given section id.
1454          course_modinfo::purge_course_section_cache_by_id($course->id, $section->id);
1455          // Partial rebuild section cache that has been purged.
1456          rebuild_course_cache($course->id, true, true);
1457  
1458          // Delete section summary files.
1459          $context = \context_course::instance($course->id);
1460          $fs = get_file_storage();
1461          $fs->delete_area_files($context->id, 'course', 'section', $section->id);
1462  
1463          // Descrease 'numsections' if needed.
1464          if ($decreasenumsections) {
1465              $this->update_course_format_options(array('numsections' => $course->numsections - 1));
1466          }
1467  
1468          return true;
1469      }
1470  
1471      /**
1472       * Prepares the templateable object to display section name
1473       *
1474       * @param \section_info|\stdClass $section
1475       * @param bool $linkifneeded
1476       * @param bool $editable
1477       * @param null|lang_string|string $edithint
1478       * @param null|lang_string|string $editlabel
1479       * @return \core\output\inplace_editable
1480       */
1481      public function inplace_editable_render_section_name($section, $linkifneeded = true,
1482                                                           $editable = null, $edithint = null, $editlabel = null) {
1483          global $USER, $CFG;
1484          require_once($CFG->dirroot.'/course/lib.php');
1485  
1486          if ($editable === null) {
1487              $editable = !empty($USER->editing) && has_capability('moodle/course:update',
1488                      context_course::instance($section->course));
1489          }
1490  
1491          $displayvalue = $title = get_section_name($section->course, $section);
1492          if ($linkifneeded) {
1493              // Display link under the section name if the course format setting is to display one section per page.
1494              $url = course_get_url($section->course, $section->section, array('navigation' => true));
1495              if ($url) {
1496                  $displayvalue = html_writer::link($url, $title);
1497              }
1498              $itemtype = 'sectionname';
1499          } else {
1500              // If $linkifneeded==false, we never display the link (this is used when rendering the section header).
1501              // Itemtype 'sectionnamenl' (nl=no link) will tell the callback that link should not be rendered -
1502              // there is no other way callback can know where we display the section name.
1503              $itemtype = 'sectionnamenl';
1504          }
1505          if (empty($edithint)) {
1506              $edithint = new lang_string('editsectionname');
1507          }
1508          if (empty($editlabel)) {
1509              $editlabel = new lang_string('newsectionname', '', $title);
1510          }
1511  
1512          return new \core\output\inplace_editable('format_' . $this->format, $itemtype, $section->id, $editable,
1513              $displayvalue, $section->name, $edithint, $editlabel);
1514      }
1515  
1516      /**
1517       * Updates the value in the database and modifies this object respectively.
1518       *
1519       * ALWAYS check user permissions before performing an update! Throw exceptions if permissions are not sufficient
1520       * or value is not legit.
1521       *
1522       * @param stdClass $section
1523       * @param string $itemtype
1524       * @param mixed $newvalue
1525       * @return \core\output\inplace_editable
1526       */
1527      public function inplace_editable_update_section_name($section, $itemtype, $newvalue) {
1528          if ($itemtype === 'sectionname' || $itemtype === 'sectionnamenl') {
1529              $context = context_course::instance($section->course);
1530              external_api::validate_context($context);
1531              require_capability('moodle/course:update', $context);
1532  
1533              $newtitle = clean_param($newvalue, PARAM_TEXT);
1534              if (strval($section->name) !== strval($newtitle)) {
1535                  course_update_section($section->course, $section, array('name' => $newtitle));
1536              }
1537              return $this->inplace_editable_render_section_name($section, ($itemtype === 'sectionname'), true);
1538          }
1539      }
1540  
1541  
1542      /**
1543       * Returns the default end date value based on the start date.
1544       *
1545       * This is the default implementation for course formats, it is based on
1546       * moodlecourse/courseduration setting. Course formats like format_weeks for
1547       * example can overwrite this method and return a value based on their internal options.
1548       *
1549       * @param moodleform $mform
1550       * @param array $fieldnames The form - field names mapping.
1551       * @return int
1552       */
1553      public function get_default_course_enddate($mform, $fieldnames = array()) {
1554  
1555          if (empty($fieldnames)) {
1556              $fieldnames = array('startdate' => 'startdate');
1557          }
1558  
1559          $startdate = $this->get_form_start_date($mform, $fieldnames);
1560          $courseduration = intval(get_config('moodlecourse', 'courseduration'));
1561          if (!$courseduration) {
1562              // Default, it should be already set during upgrade though.
1563              $courseduration = YEARSECS;
1564          }
1565  
1566          return $startdate + $courseduration;
1567      }
1568  
1569      /**
1570       * Indicates whether the course format supports the creation of the Announcements forum.
1571       *
1572       * For course format plugin developers, please override this to return true if you want the Announcements forum
1573       * to be created upon course creation.
1574       *
1575       * @return bool
1576       */
1577      public function supports_news() {
1578          // For backwards compatibility, check if default blocks include the news_items block.
1579          $defaultblocks = $this->get_default_blocks();
1580          foreach ($defaultblocks as $blocks) {
1581              if (in_array('news_items', $blocks)) {
1582                  return true;
1583              }
1584          }
1585          // Return false by default.
1586          return false;
1587      }
1588  
1589      /**
1590       * Get the start date value from the course settings page form.
1591       *
1592       * @param moodleform $mform
1593       * @param array $fieldnames The form - field names mapping.
1594       * @return int
1595       */
1596      protected function get_form_start_date($mform, $fieldnames) {
1597          $startdate = $mform->getElementValue($fieldnames['startdate']);
1598          return $mform->getElement($fieldnames['startdate'])->exportValue($startdate);
1599      }
1600  
1601      /**
1602       * Returns whether this course format allows the activity to
1603       * have "triple visibility state" - visible always, hidden on course page but available, hidden.
1604       *
1605       * @param stdClass|cm_info $cm course module (may be null if we are displaying a form for adding a module)
1606       * @param stdClass|section_info $section section where this module is located or will be added to
1607       * @return bool
1608       */
1609      public function allow_stealth_module_visibility($cm, $section) {
1610          return false;
1611      }
1612  
1613      /**
1614       * Callback used in WS core_course_edit_section when teacher performs an AJAX action on a section (show/hide)
1615       *
1616       * Access to the course is already validated in the WS but the callback has to make sure
1617       * that particular action is allowed by checking capabilities
1618       *
1619       * Course formats should register
1620       *
1621       * @param stdClass|section_info $section
1622       * @param string $action
1623       * @param int $sr the section return
1624       * @return null|array|stdClass any data for the Javascript post-processor (must be json-encodeable)
1625       */
1626      public function section_action($section, $action, $sr) {
1627          global $PAGE;
1628          if (!$this->uses_sections() || !$section->section) {
1629              // No section actions are allowed if course format does not support sections.
1630              // No actions are allowed on the 0-section by default (overwrite in course format if needed).
1631              throw new moodle_exception('sectionactionnotsupported', 'core', null, s($action));
1632          }
1633  
1634          $course = $this->get_course();
1635          $coursecontext = context_course::instance($course->id);
1636          $modinfo = $this->get_modinfo();
1637          $renderer = $this->get_renderer($PAGE);
1638  
1639          if (!($section instanceof section_info)) {
1640              $section = $modinfo->get_section_info($section->section);
1641          }
1642  
1643          if ($sr) {
1644              $this->set_section_number($sr);
1645          }
1646  
1647          switch($action) {
1648              case 'hide':
1649              case 'show':
1650                  require_capability('moodle/course:sectionvisibility', $coursecontext);
1651                  $visible = ($action === 'hide') ? 0 : 1;
1652                  course_update_section($course, $section, array('visible' => $visible));
1653                  break;
1654              case 'refresh':
1655                  return [
1656                      'content' => $renderer->course_section_updated($this, $section),
1657                  ];
1658              default:
1659                  throw new moodle_exception('sectionactionnotsupported', 'core', null, s($action));
1660          }
1661  
1662          return ['modules' => $this->get_section_modules_updated($section)];
1663      }
1664  
1665      /**
1666       * Return an array with all section modules content.
1667       *
1668       * This method is used in section_action method to generate the updated modules content
1669       * after a modinfo change.
1670       *
1671       * @param section_info $section the section
1672       * @return string[] the full modules content.
1673       */
1674      protected function get_section_modules_updated(section_info $section): array {
1675          global $PAGE;
1676  
1677          $modules = [];
1678  
1679          if (!$this->uses_sections() || !$section->section) {
1680              return $modules;
1681          }
1682  
1683          // Load the cmlist output from the updated modinfo.
1684          $renderer = $this->get_renderer($PAGE);
1685          $modinfo = $this->get_modinfo();
1686          $coursesections = $modinfo->sections;
1687          if (array_key_exists($section->section, $coursesections)) {
1688              foreach ($coursesections[$section->section] as $cmid) {
1689                  $cm = $modinfo->get_cm($cmid);
1690                  $modules[] = $renderer->course_section_updated_cm_item($this, $section, $cm);
1691              }
1692          }
1693          return $modules;
1694      }
1695  
1696      /**
1697       * Return the plugin config settings for external functions,
1698       * in some cases the configs will need formatting or be returned only if the current user has some capabilities enabled.
1699       *
1700       * @return array the list of configs
1701       * @since Moodle 3.5
1702       */
1703      public function get_config_for_external() {
1704          return array();
1705      }
1706  
1707      /**
1708       * Course deletion hook.
1709       *
1710       * Format plugins can override this method to clean any format specific data and dependencies.
1711       *
1712       */
1713      public function delete_format_data() {
1714          global $DB;
1715          $course = $this->get_course();
1716          // By default, formats store some most display specifics in a user preference.
1717          $DB->delete_records('user_preferences', ['name' => 'coursesectionspreferences_' . $course->id]);
1718      }
1719  }