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Developer Documentation
See Release Notes
Long Term Support Release
- Bug fixes for general core bugs in 4.1.x will end 13 November 2023 (12 months).
- Bug fixes for security issues in 4.1.x will end 10 November 2025 (36 months).
- PHP version: minimum PHP 7.4.0 Note: minimum PHP version has increased since Moodle 4.0. PHP 8.0.x is supported too.
/lib/ -> externallib.php (source)
<?php
// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
//
// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Moodle. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
/**
* Support for external API
*
* @package core_webservice
* @copyright 2009 Petr Skodak
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
*/
defined('MOODLE_INTERNAL') || die();
/**
* Exception indicating user is not allowed to use external function in the current context.
*
* @package core_webservice
* @copyright 2009 Petr Skodak
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
class restricted_context_exception extends moodle_exception {
/**
* Constructor
*
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
function __construct() {
parent::__construct('restrictedcontextexception', 'error');
}
}
/**
* Base class for external api methods.
*
* @package core_webservice
* @copyright 2009 Petr Skodak
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
class external_api {
/** @var stdClass context where the function calls will be restricted */
private static $contextrestriction;
/**
* Returns detailed function information
*
* @param string|object $function name of external function or record from external_function
* @param int $strictness IGNORE_MISSING means compatible mode, false returned if record not found, debug message if more found;
* MUST_EXIST means throw exception if no record or multiple records found
* @return stdClass description or false if not found or exception thrown
> * @throws coding_exception for any property and/or method that is missing or invalid
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
public static function external_function_info($function, $strictness=MUST_EXIST) {
global $DB, $CFG;
if (!is_object($function)) {
if (!$function = $DB->get_record('external_functions', array('name' => $function), '*', $strictness)) {
return false;
}
}
// First try class autoloading.
if (!class_exists($function->classname)) {
// Fallback to explicit include of externallib.php.
if (empty($function->classpath)) {
$function->classpath = core_component::get_component_directory($function->component).'/externallib.php';
} else {
$function->classpath = $CFG->dirroot.'/'.$function->classpath;
}
if (!file_exists($function->classpath)) {
< throw new coding_exception('Cannot find file ' . $function->classpath .
< ' with external function implementation');
> throw new coding_exception("Cannot find file {$function->classpath} with external function implementation " .
> "for {$function->classname}::{$function->methodname}");
}
require_once($function->classpath);
if (!class_exists($function->classname)) {
throw new coding_exception('Cannot find external class ' . $function->classname);
}
}
$function->ajax_method = $function->methodname.'_is_allowed_from_ajax';
$function->parameters_method = $function->methodname.'_parameters';
$function->returns_method = $function->methodname.'_returns';
$function->deprecated_method = $function->methodname.'_is_deprecated';
// Make sure the implementaion class is ok.
if (!method_exists($function->classname, $function->methodname)) {
throw new coding_exception('Missing implementation method ' .
$function->classname . '::' . $function->methodname);
}
if (!method_exists($function->classname, $function->parameters_method)) {
throw new coding_exception('Missing parameters description method ' .
$function->classname . '::' . $function->parameters_method);
}
if (!method_exists($function->classname, $function->returns_method)) {
throw new coding_exception('Missing returned values description method ' .
$function->classname . '::' . $function->returns_method);
}
if (method_exists($function->classname, $function->deprecated_method)) {
if (call_user_func(array($function->classname, $function->deprecated_method)) === true) {
$function->deprecated = true;
}
}
$function->allowed_from_ajax = false;
// Fetch the parameters description.
$function->parameters_desc = call_user_func(array($function->classname, $function->parameters_method));
if (!($function->parameters_desc instanceof external_function_parameters)) {
throw new coding_exception($function->classname . '::' . $function->parameters_method .
' did not return a valid external_function_parameters object.');
}
// Fetch the return values description.
$function->returns_desc = call_user_func(array($function->classname, $function->returns_method));
// Null means void result or result is ignored.
if (!is_null($function->returns_desc) and !($function->returns_desc instanceof external_description)) {
throw new coding_exception($function->classname . '::' . $function->returns_method .
' did not return a valid external_description object');
}
// Now get the function description.
// TODO MDL-31115 use localised lang pack descriptions, it would be nice to have
// easy to understand descriptions in admin UI,
// on the other hand this is still a bit in a flux and we need to find some new naming
// conventions for these descriptions in lang packs.
$function->description = null;
$servicesfile = core_component::get_component_directory($function->component).'/db/services.php';
if (file_exists($servicesfile)) {
$functions = null;
include($servicesfile);
if (isset($functions[$function->name]['description'])) {
$function->description = $functions[$function->name]['description'];
}
if (isset($functions[$function->name]['testclientpath'])) {
$function->testclientpath = $functions[$function->name]['testclientpath'];
}
if (isset($functions[$function->name]['type'])) {
$function->type = $functions[$function->name]['type'];
}
if (isset($functions[$function->name]['ajax'])) {
$function->allowed_from_ajax = $functions[$function->name]['ajax'];
} else if (method_exists($function->classname, $function->ajax_method)) {
if (call_user_func(array($function->classname, $function->ajax_method)) === true) {
debugging('External function ' . $function->ajax_method . '() function is deprecated.' .
'Set ajax=>true in db/service.php instead.', DEBUG_DEVELOPER);
$function->allowed_from_ajax = true;
}
}
if (isset($functions[$function->name]['loginrequired'])) {
$function->loginrequired = $functions[$function->name]['loginrequired'];
} else {
$function->loginrequired = true;
}
if (isset($functions[$function->name]['readonlysession'])) {
$function->readonlysession = $functions[$function->name]['readonlysession'];
} else {
$function->readonlysession = false;
}
}
return $function;
}
/**
* Call an external function validating all params/returns correctly.
*
* Note that an external function may modify the state of the current page, so this wrapper
* saves and restores tha PAGE and COURSE global variables before/after calling the external function.
*
* @param string $function A webservice function name.
* @param array $args Params array (named params)
* @param boolean $ajaxonly If true, an extra check will be peformed to see if ajax is required.
* @return array containing keys for error (bool), exception and data.
*/
public static function call_external_function($function, $args, $ajaxonly=false) {
global $PAGE, $COURSE, $CFG, $SITE;
require_once($CFG->libdir . "/pagelib.php");
$externalfunctioninfo = static::external_function_info($function);
// Eventually this should shift into the various handlers and not be handled via config.
$readonlysession = $externalfunctioninfo->readonlysession ?? false;
if (!$readonlysession || empty($CFG->enable_read_only_sessions)) {
< \core\session\manager::restart_with_write_lock();
> \core\session\manager::restart_with_write_lock($readonlysession);
}
$currentpage = $PAGE;
$currentcourse = $COURSE;
$response = array();
try {
// Taken straight from from setup.php.
if (!empty($CFG->moodlepageclass)) {
if (!empty($CFG->moodlepageclassfile)) {
require_once($CFG->moodlepageclassfile);
}
$classname = $CFG->moodlepageclass;
} else {
$classname = 'moodle_page';
}
$PAGE = new $classname();
$COURSE = clone($SITE);
if ($ajaxonly && !$externalfunctioninfo->allowed_from_ajax) {
throw new moodle_exception('servicenotavailable', 'webservice');
}
// Do not allow access to write or delete webservices as a public user.
if ($externalfunctioninfo->loginrequired && !WS_SERVER) {
if (defined('NO_MOODLE_COOKIES') && NO_MOODLE_COOKIES && !PHPUNIT_TEST) {
throw new moodle_exception('servicerequireslogin', 'webservice');
}
if (!isloggedin()) {
throw new moodle_exception('servicerequireslogin', 'webservice');
} else {
require_sesskey();
}
}
// Validate params, this also sorts the params properly, we need the correct order in the next part.
$callable = array($externalfunctioninfo->classname, 'validate_parameters');
$params = call_user_func($callable,
$externalfunctioninfo->parameters_desc,
$args);
$params = array_values($params);
// Allow any Moodle plugin a chance to override this call. This is a convenient spot to
// make arbitrary behaviour customisations. The overriding plugin could call the 'real'
// function first and then modify the results, or it could do a completely separate
// thing.
$callbacks = get_plugins_with_function('override_webservice_execution');
$result = false;
foreach ($callbacks as $plugintype => $plugins) {
foreach ($plugins as $plugin => $callback) {
$result = $callback($externalfunctioninfo, $params);
if ($result !== false) {
break 2;
}
}
}
// If the function was not overridden, call the real one.
if ($result === false) {
$callable = array($externalfunctioninfo->classname, $externalfunctioninfo->methodname);
$result = call_user_func_array($callable, $params);
}
// Validate the return parameters.
if ($externalfunctioninfo->returns_desc !== null) {
$callable = array($externalfunctioninfo->classname, 'clean_returnvalue');
$result = call_user_func($callable, $externalfunctioninfo->returns_desc, $result);
}
$response['error'] = false;
$response['data'] = $result;
} catch (Throwable $e) {
$exception = get_exception_info($e);
unset($exception->a);
$exception->backtrace = format_backtrace($exception->backtrace, true);
if (!debugging('', DEBUG_DEVELOPER)) {
unset($exception->debuginfo);
unset($exception->backtrace);
}
$response['error'] = true;
$response['exception'] = $exception;
// Do not process the remaining requests.
}
$PAGE = $currentpage;
$COURSE = $currentcourse;
return $response;
}
/**
* Set context restriction for all following subsequent function calls.
*
* @param stdClass $context the context restriction
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
public static function set_context_restriction($context) {
self::$contextrestriction = $context;
}
/**
* This method has to be called before every operation
* that takes a longer time to finish!
*
* @param int $seconds max expected time the next operation needs
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
public static function set_timeout($seconds=360) {
$seconds = ($seconds < 300) ? 300 : $seconds;
core_php_time_limit::raise($seconds);
}
/**
* Validates submitted function parameters, if anything is incorrect
* invalid_parameter_exception is thrown.
* This is a simple recursive method which is intended to be called from
* each implementation method of external API.
*
* @param external_description $description description of parameters
* @param mixed $params the actual parameters
* @return mixed params with added defaults for optional items, invalid_parameters_exception thrown if any problem found
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
public static function validate_parameters(external_description $description, $params) {
if ($description instanceof external_value) {
if (is_array($params) or is_object($params)) {
throw new invalid_parameter_exception('Scalar type expected, array or object received.');
}
if ($description->type == PARAM_BOOL) {
// special case for PARAM_BOOL - we want true/false instead of the usual 1/0 - we can not be too strict here ;-)
if (is_bool($params) or $params === 0 or $params === 1 or $params === '0' or $params === '1') {
return (bool)$params;
}
}
$debuginfo = 'Invalid external api parameter: the value is "' . $params .
'", the server was expecting "' . $description->type . '" type';
return validate_param($params, $description->type, $description->allownull, $debuginfo);
} else if ($description instanceof external_single_structure) {
if (!is_array($params)) {
throw new invalid_parameter_exception('Only arrays accepted. The bad value is: \''
. print_r($params, true) . '\'');
}
$result = array();
foreach ($description->keys as $key=>$subdesc) {
if (!array_key_exists($key, $params)) {
if ($subdesc->required == VALUE_REQUIRED) {
throw new invalid_parameter_exception('Missing required key in single structure: '. $key);
}
if ($subdesc->required == VALUE_DEFAULT) {
try {
$result[$key] = static::validate_parameters($subdesc, $subdesc->default);
} catch (invalid_parameter_exception $e) {
//we are only interested by exceptions returned by validate_param() and validate_parameters()
//(in order to build the path to the faulty attribut)
throw new invalid_parameter_exception($key." => ".$e->getMessage() . ': ' .$e->debuginfo);
}
}
} else {
try {
$result[$key] = static::validate_parameters($subdesc, $params[$key]);
} catch (invalid_parameter_exception $e) {
//we are only interested by exceptions returned by validate_param() and validate_parameters()
//(in order to build the path to the faulty attribut)
throw new invalid_parameter_exception($key." => ".$e->getMessage() . ': ' .$e->debuginfo);
}
}
unset($params[$key]);
}
if (!empty($params)) {
throw new invalid_parameter_exception('Unexpected keys (' . implode(', ', array_keys($params)) . ') detected in parameter array.');
}
return $result;
} else if ($description instanceof external_multiple_structure) {
if (!is_array($params)) {
throw new invalid_parameter_exception('Only arrays accepted. The bad value is: \''
. print_r($params, true) . '\'');
}
$result = array();
foreach ($params as $param) {
$result[] = static::validate_parameters($description->content, $param);
}
return $result;
} else {
throw new invalid_parameter_exception('Invalid external api description');
}
}
/**
* Clean response
* If a response attribute is unknown from the description, we just ignore the attribute.
* If a response attribute is incorrect, invalid_response_exception is thrown.
* Note: this function is similar to validate parameters, however it is distinct because
* parameters validation must be distinct from cleaning return values.
*
* @param external_description $description description of the return values
* @param mixed $response the actual response
* @return mixed response with added defaults for optional items, invalid_response_exception thrown if any problem found
* @author 2010 Jerome Mouneyrac
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
public static function clean_returnvalue(external_description $description, $response) {
if ($description instanceof external_value) {
if (is_array($response) or is_object($response)) {
throw new invalid_response_exception('Scalar type expected, array or object received.');
}
if ($description->type == PARAM_BOOL) {
// special case for PARAM_BOOL - we want true/false instead of the usual 1/0 - we can not be too strict here ;-)
if (is_bool($response) or $response === 0 or $response === 1 or $response === '0' or $response === '1') {
return (bool)$response;
}
}
$responsetype = gettype($response);
$debuginfo = 'Invalid external api response: the value is "' . $response .
'" of PHP type "' . $responsetype . '", the server was expecting "' . $description->type . '" type';
try {
return validate_param($response, $description->type, $description->allownull, $debuginfo);
} catch (invalid_parameter_exception $e) {
//proper exception name, to be recursively catched to build the path to the faulty attribut
throw new invalid_response_exception($e->debuginfo);
}
} else if ($description instanceof external_single_structure) {
if (!is_array($response) && !is_object($response)) {
throw new invalid_response_exception('Only arrays/objects accepted. The bad value is: \'' .
print_r($response, true) . '\'');
}
// Cast objects into arrays.
if (is_object($response)) {
$response = (array) $response;
}
$result = array();
foreach ($description->keys as $key=>$subdesc) {
if (!array_key_exists($key, $response)) {
if ($subdesc->required == VALUE_REQUIRED) {
throw new invalid_response_exception('Error in response - Missing following required key in a single structure: ' . $key);
}
if ($subdesc instanceof external_value) {
if ($subdesc->required == VALUE_DEFAULT) {
try {
$result[$key] = static::clean_returnvalue($subdesc, $subdesc->default);
} catch (invalid_response_exception $e) {
//build the path to the faulty attribut
throw new invalid_response_exception($key." => ".$e->getMessage() . ': ' . $e->debuginfo);
}
}
}
} else {
try {
$result[$key] = static::clean_returnvalue($subdesc, $response[$key]);
} catch (invalid_response_exception $e) {
//build the path to the faulty attribut
throw new invalid_response_exception($key." => ".$e->getMessage() . ': ' . $e->debuginfo);
}
}
unset($response[$key]);
}
return $result;
} else if ($description instanceof external_multiple_structure) {
if (!is_array($response)) {
throw new invalid_response_exception('Only arrays accepted. The bad value is: \'' .
print_r($response, true) . '\'');
}
$result = array();
foreach ($response as $param) {
$result[] = static::clean_returnvalue($description->content, $param);
}
return $result;
} else {
throw new invalid_response_exception('Invalid external api response description');
}
}
/**
* Makes sure user may execute functions in this context.
*
* @param stdClass $context
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
public static function validate_context($context) {
global $CFG, $PAGE;
if (empty($context)) {
throw new invalid_parameter_exception('Context does not exist');
}
if (empty(self::$contextrestriction)) {
self::$contextrestriction = context_system::instance();
}
$rcontext = self::$contextrestriction;
if ($rcontext->contextlevel == $context->contextlevel) {
if ($rcontext->id != $context->id) {
throw new restricted_context_exception();
}
} else if ($rcontext->contextlevel > $context->contextlevel) {
throw new restricted_context_exception();
} else {
$parents = $context->get_parent_context_ids();
if (!in_array($rcontext->id, $parents)) {
throw new restricted_context_exception();
}
}
$PAGE->reset_theme_and_output();
list($unused, $course, $cm) = get_context_info_array($context->id);
require_login($course, false, $cm, false, true);
$PAGE->set_context($context);
}
/**
* Get context from passed parameters.
* The passed array must either contain a contextid or a combination of context level and instance id to fetch the context.
* For example, the context level can be "course" and instanceid can be courseid.
*
* See context_helper::get_all_levels() for a list of valid context levels.
*
* @param array $param
* @since Moodle 2.6
* @throws invalid_parameter_exception
* @return context
*/
protected static function get_context_from_params($param) {
$levels = context_helper::get_all_levels();
if (!empty($param['contextid'])) {
return context::instance_by_id($param['contextid'], IGNORE_MISSING);
} else if (!empty($param['contextlevel']) && isset($param['instanceid'])) {
$contextlevel = "context_".$param['contextlevel'];
if (!array_search($contextlevel, $levels)) {
throw new invalid_parameter_exception('Invalid context level = '.$param['contextlevel']);
}
return $contextlevel::instance($param['instanceid'], IGNORE_MISSING);
} else {
// No valid context info was found.
throw new invalid_parameter_exception('Missing parameters, please provide either context level with instance id or contextid');
}
}
/**
* Returns a prepared structure to use a context parameters.
* @return external_single_structure
*/
protected static function get_context_parameters() {
$id = new external_value(
PARAM_INT,
'Context ID. Either use this value, or level and instanceid.',
VALUE_DEFAULT,
0
);
$level = new external_value(
PARAM_ALPHA,
'Context level. To be used with instanceid.',
VALUE_DEFAULT,
''
);
$instanceid = new external_value(
PARAM_INT,
'Context instance ID. To be used with level',
VALUE_DEFAULT,
0
);
return new external_single_structure(array(
'contextid' => $id,
'contextlevel' => $level,
'instanceid' => $instanceid,
));
}
}
/**
* Common ancestor of all parameter description classes
*
* @package core_webservice
* @copyright 2009 Petr Skodak
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
abstract class external_description {
/** @var string Description of element */
public $desc;
/** @var bool Element value required, null not allowed */
public $required;
/** @var mixed Default value */
public $default;
/**
* Contructor
*
* @param string $desc
* @param bool $required
* @param mixed $default
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
public function __construct($desc, $required, $default) {
$this->desc = $desc;
$this->required = $required;
$this->default = $default;
}
}
/**
* Scalar value description class
*
* @package core_webservice
* @copyright 2009 Petr Skodak
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
class external_value extends external_description {
/** @var mixed Value type PARAM_XX */
public $type;
/** @var bool Allow null values */
public $allownull;
/**
* Constructor
*
* @param mixed $type
* @param string $desc
* @param bool $required
* @param mixed $default
* @param bool $allownull
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
public function __construct($type, $desc='', $required=VALUE_REQUIRED,
$default=null, $allownull=NULL_ALLOWED) {
parent::__construct($desc, $required, $default);
$this->type = $type;
$this->allownull = $allownull;
}
}
/**
* Associative array description class
*
* @package core_webservice
* @copyright 2009 Petr Skodak
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
class external_single_structure extends external_description {
/** @var array Description of array keys key=>external_description */
public $keys;
/**
* Constructor
*
* @param array $keys
* @param string $desc
* @param bool $required
* @param array $default
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
public function __construct(array $keys, $desc='',
$required=VALUE_REQUIRED, $default=null) {
parent::__construct($desc, $required, $default);
$this->keys = $keys;
}
}
/**
* Bulk array description class.
*
* @package core_webservice
* @copyright 2009 Petr Skodak
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
class external_multiple_structure extends external_description {
/** @var external_description content */
public $content;
/**
* Constructor
*
* @param external_description $content
* @param string $desc
* @param bool $required
* @param array $default
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
public function __construct(external_description $content, $desc='',
$required=VALUE_REQUIRED, $default=null) {
parent::__construct($desc, $required, $default);
$this->content = $content;
}
}
/**
* Description of top level - PHP function parameters.
*
* @package core_webservice
* @copyright 2009 Petr Skodak
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
class external_function_parameters extends external_single_structure {
/**
* Constructor - does extra checking to prevent top level optional parameters.
*
* @param array $keys
* @param string $desc
* @param bool $required
* @param array $default
*/
public function __construct(array $keys, $desc='', $required=VALUE_REQUIRED, $default=null) {
global $CFG;
if ($CFG->debugdeveloper) {
foreach ($keys as $key => $value) {
if ($value instanceof external_value) {
if ($value->required == VALUE_OPTIONAL) {
debugging('External function parameters: invalid OPTIONAL value specified.', DEBUG_DEVELOPER);
break;
}
}
}
}
parent::__construct($keys, $desc, $required, $default);
}
}
/**
* Generate a token
*
* @param string $tokentype EXTERNAL_TOKEN_EMBEDDED|EXTERNAL_TOKEN_PERMANENT
* @param stdClass|int $serviceorid service linked to the token
* @param int $userid user linked to the token
* @param stdClass|int $contextorid
* @param int $validuntil date when the token expired
* @param string $iprestriction allowed ip - if 0 or empty then all ips are allowed
* @return string generated token
* @author 2010 Jamie Pratt
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
function external_generate_token($tokentype, $serviceorid, $userid, $contextorid, $validuntil=0, $iprestriction=''){
global $DB, $USER;
// make sure the token doesn't exist (even if it should be almost impossible with the random generation)
$numtries = 0;
do {
$numtries ++;
$generatedtoken = md5(uniqid(rand(),1));
if ($numtries > 5){
throw new moodle_exception('tokengenerationfailed');
}
} while ($DB->record_exists('external_tokens', array('token'=>$generatedtoken)));
$newtoken = new stdClass();
$newtoken->token = $generatedtoken;
if (!is_object($serviceorid)){
$service = $DB->get_record('external_services', array('id' => $serviceorid));
} else {
$service = $serviceorid;
}
if (!is_object($contextorid)){
$context = context::instance_by_id($contextorid, MUST_EXIST);
} else {
$context = $contextorid;
}
if (empty($service->requiredcapability) || has_capability($service->requiredcapability, $context, $userid)) {
$newtoken->externalserviceid = $service->id;
} else {
throw new moodle_exception('nocapabilitytousethisservice');
}
$newtoken->tokentype = $tokentype;
$newtoken->userid = $userid;
if ($tokentype == EXTERNAL_TOKEN_EMBEDDED){
$newtoken->sid = session_id();
}
$newtoken->contextid = $context->id;
$newtoken->creatorid = $USER->id;
$newtoken->timecreated = time();
$newtoken->validuntil = $validuntil;
if (!empty($iprestriction)) {
$newtoken->iprestriction = $iprestriction;
}
// Generate the private token, it must be transmitted only via https.
$newtoken->privatetoken = random_string(64);
$DB->insert_record('external_tokens', $newtoken);
return $newtoken->token;
}
/**
* Create and return a session linked token. Token to be used for html embedded client apps that want to communicate
* with the Moodle server through web services. The token is linked to the current session for the current page request.
* It is expected this will be called in the script generating the html page that is embedding the client app and that the
* returned token will be somehow passed into the client app being embedded in the page.
*
* @param string $servicename name of the web service. Service name as defined in db/services.php
* @param int $context context within which the web service can operate.
* @return int returns token id.
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
function external_create_service_token($servicename, $context){
global $USER, $DB;
$service = $DB->get_record('external_services', array('name'=>$servicename), '*', MUST_EXIST);
return external_generate_token(EXTERNAL_TOKEN_EMBEDDED, $service, $USER->id, $context, 0);
}
/**
* Delete all pre-built services (+ related tokens) and external functions information defined in the specified component.
*
* @param string $component name of component (moodle, mod_assignment, etc.)
*/
function external_delete_descriptions($component) {
global $DB;
$params = array($component);
$DB->delete_records_select('external_tokens',
"externalserviceid IN (SELECT id FROM {external_services} WHERE component = ?)", $params);
$DB->delete_records_select('external_services_users',
"externalserviceid IN (SELECT id FROM {external_services} WHERE component = ?)", $params);
$DB->delete_records_select('external_services_functions',
"functionname IN (SELECT name FROM {external_functions} WHERE component = ?)", $params);
$DB->delete_records('external_services', array('component'=>$component));
$DB->delete_records('external_functions', array('component'=>$component));
}
/**
* Standard Moodle web service warnings
*
* @package core_webservice
* @copyright 2012 Jerome Mouneyrac
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @since Moodle 2.3
*/
class external_warnings extends external_multiple_structure {
/**
* Constructor
*
* @since Moodle 2.3
*/
public function __construct($itemdesc = 'item', $itemiddesc = 'item id',
$warningcodedesc = 'the warning code can be used by the client app to implement specific behaviour') {
parent::__construct(
new external_single_structure(
array(
'item' => new external_value(PARAM_TEXT, $itemdesc, VALUE_OPTIONAL),
'itemid' => new external_value(PARAM_INT, $itemiddesc, VALUE_OPTIONAL),
'warningcode' => new external_value(PARAM_ALPHANUM, $warningcodedesc),
< 'message' => new external_value(PARAM_TEXT,
> 'message' => new external_value(PARAM_RAW,
'untranslated english message to explain the warning')
), 'warning'),
'list of warnings', VALUE_OPTIONAL);
}
}
/**
* A pre-filled external_value class for text format.
*
* Default is FORMAT_HTML
* This should be used all the time in external xxx_params()/xxx_returns functions
* as it is the standard way to implement text format param/return values.
*
* @package core_webservice
* @copyright 2012 Jerome Mouneyrac
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @since Moodle 2.3
*/
class external_format_value extends external_value {
/**
* Constructor
*
* @param string $textfieldname Name of the text field
* @param int $required if VALUE_REQUIRED then set standard default FORMAT_HTML
* @param int $default Default value.
* @since Moodle 2.3
*/
public function __construct($textfieldname, $required = VALUE_REQUIRED, $default = null) {
if ($default == null && $required == VALUE_DEFAULT) {
$default = FORMAT_HTML;
}
$desc = $textfieldname . ' format (' . FORMAT_HTML . ' = HTML, '
. FORMAT_MOODLE . ' = MOODLE, '
. FORMAT_PLAIN . ' = PLAIN or '
. FORMAT_MARKDOWN . ' = MARKDOWN)';
parent::__construct(PARAM_INT, $desc, $required, $default);
}
}
/**
* Validate text field format against known FORMAT_XXX
*
* @param array $format the format to validate
* @return the validated format
* @throws coding_exception
* @since Moodle 2.3
*/
function external_validate_format($format) {
$allowedformats = array(FORMAT_HTML, FORMAT_MOODLE, FORMAT_PLAIN, FORMAT_MARKDOWN);
if (!in_array($format, $allowedformats)) {
throw new moodle_exception('formatnotsupported', 'webservice', '' , null,
'The format with value=' . $format . ' is not supported by this Moodle site');
}
return $format;
}
/**
* Format the string to be returned properly as requested by the either the web service server,
* either by an internally call.
* The caller can change the format (raw) with the external_settings singleton
* All web service servers must set this singleton when parsing the $_GET and $_POST.
*
* <pre>
* Options are the same that in {@link format_string()} with some changes:
* filter : Can be set to false to force filters off, else observes {@link external_settings}.
* </pre>
*
* @param string $str The string to be filtered. Should be plain text, expect
* possibly for multilang tags.
* @param boolean $striplinks To strip any link in the result text. Moodle 1.8 default changed from false to true! MDL-8713
* @param context|int $contextorid The id of the context for the string or the context (affects filters).
* @param array $options options array/object or courseid
* @return string text
* @since Moodle 3.0
*/
function external_format_string($str, $contextorid, $striplinks = true, $options = array()) {
// Get settings (singleton).
$settings = external_settings::get_instance();
if (empty($contextorid)) {
throw new coding_exception('contextid is required');
}
if (!$settings->get_raw()) {
if (is_object($contextorid) && is_a($contextorid, 'context')) {
$context = $contextorid;
} else {
$context = context::instance_by_id($contextorid);
}
$options['context'] = $context;
$options['filter'] = isset($options['filter']) && !$options['filter'] ? false : $settings->get_filter();
$str = format_string($str, $striplinks, $options);
}
return $str;
}
/**
* Format the text to be returned properly as requested by the either the web service server,
* either by an internally call.
* The caller can change the format (raw, filter, file, fileurl) with the external_settings singleton
* All web service servers must set this singleton when parsing the $_GET and $_POST.
*
* <pre>
* Options are the same that in {@link format_text()} with some changes in defaults to provide backwards compatibility:
* trusted : If true the string won't be cleaned. Default false.
* noclean : If true the string won't be cleaned only if trusted is also true. Default false.
* nocache : If true the string will not be cached and will be formatted every call. Default false.
* filter : Can be set to false to force filters off, else observes {@link external_settings}.
* para : If true then the returned string will be wrapped in div tags. Default (different from format_text) false.
* Default changed because div tags are not commonly needed.
* newlines : If true then lines newline breaks will be converted to HTML newline breaks. Default true.
* context : Not used! Using contextid parameter instead.
* overflowdiv : If set to true the formatted text will be encased in a div with the class no-overflow before being
* returned. Default false.
* allowid : If true then id attributes will not be removed, even when using htmlpurifier. Default (different from
* format_text) true. Default changed id attributes are commonly needed.
* blanktarget : If true all <a> tags will have target="_blank" added unless target is explicitly specified.
* </pre>
*
* @param string $text The content that may contain ULRs in need of rewriting.
* @param int $textformat The text format.
* @param context|int $contextorid This parameter and the next two identify the file area to use.
* @param string $component
* @param string $filearea helps identify the file area.
* @param int $itemid helps identify the file area.
* @param object/array $options text formatting options
* @return array text + textformat
* @since Moodle 2.3
* @since Moodle 3.2 component, filearea and itemid are optional parameters
*/
function external_format_text($text, $textformat, $contextorid, $component = null, $filearea = null, $itemid = null,
$options = null) {
global $CFG;
// Get settings (singleton).
$settings = external_settings::get_instance();
if (is_object($contextorid) && is_a($contextorid, 'context')) {
$context = $contextorid;
$contextid = $context->id;
} else {
$context = null;
$contextid = $contextorid;
}
if ($component and $filearea and $settings->get_fileurl()) {
require_once($CFG->libdir . "/filelib.php");
$text = file_rewrite_pluginfile_urls($text, $settings->get_file(), $contextid, $component, $filearea, $itemid);
}
// Note that $CFG->forceclean does not apply here if the client requests for the raw database content.
// This is consistent with web clients that are still able to load non-cleaned text into editors, too.
if (!$settings->get_raw()) {
$options = (array)$options;
// If context is passed in options, check that is the same to show a debug message.
if (isset($options['context'])) {
if ((is_object($options['context']) && $options['context']->id != $contextid)
|| (!is_object($options['context']) && $options['context'] != $contextid)) {
debugging('Different contexts found in external_format_text parameters. $options[\'context\'] not allowed.
Using $contextid parameter...', DEBUG_DEVELOPER);
}
}
$options['filter'] = isset($options['filter']) && !$options['filter'] ? false : $settings->get_filter();
$options['para'] = isset($options['para']) ? $options['para'] : false;
$options['context'] = !is_null($context) ? $context : context::instance_by_id($contextid);
$options['allowid'] = isset($options['allowid']) ? $options['allowid'] : true;
$text = format_text($text, $textformat, $options);
$textformat = FORMAT_HTML; // Once converted to html (from markdown, plain... lets inform consumer this is already HTML).
}
return array($text, $textformat);
}
/**
* Generate or return an existing token for the current authenticated user.
* This function is used for creating a valid token for users authenticathing via login/token.php or admin/tool/mobile/launch.php.
*
* @param stdClass $service external service object
* @return stdClass token object
* @since Moodle 3.2
* @throws moodle_exception
*/
function external_generate_token_for_current_user($service) {
global $DB, $USER, $CFG;
core_user::require_active_user($USER, true, true);
// Check if there is any required system capability.
if ($service->requiredcapability and !has_capability($service->requiredcapability, context_system::instance())) {
throw new moodle_exception('missingrequiredcapability', 'webservice', '', $service->requiredcapability);
}
// Specific checks related to user restricted service.
if ($service->restrictedusers) {
$authoriseduser = $DB->get_record('external_services_users',
array('externalserviceid' => $service->id, 'userid' => $USER->id));
if (empty($authoriseduser)) {
throw new moodle_exception('usernotallowed', 'webservice', '', $service->shortname);
}
if (!empty($authoriseduser->validuntil) and $authoriseduser->validuntil < time()) {
throw new moodle_exception('invalidtimedtoken', 'webservice');
}
if (!empty($authoriseduser->iprestriction) and !address_in_subnet(getremoteaddr(), $authoriseduser->iprestriction)) {
throw new moodle_exception('invalidiptoken', 'webservice');
}
}
// Check if a token has already been created for this user and this service.
$conditions = array(
'userid' => $USER->id,
'externalserviceid' => $service->id,
'tokentype' => EXTERNAL_TOKEN_PERMANENT
);
$tokens = $DB->get_records('external_tokens', $conditions, 'timecreated ASC');
// A bit of sanity checks.
foreach ($tokens as $key => $token) {
// Checks related to a specific token. (script execution continue).
$unsettoken = false;
// If sid is set then there must be a valid associated session no matter the token type.
if (!empty($token->sid)) {
if (!\core\session\manager::session_exists($token->sid)) {
// This token will never be valid anymore, delete it.
$DB->delete_records('external_tokens', array('sid' => $token->sid));
$unsettoken = true;
}
}
// Remove token is not valid anymore.
if (!empty($token->validuntil) and $token->validuntil < time()) {
$DB->delete_records('external_tokens', array('token' => $token->token, 'tokentype' => EXTERNAL_TOKEN_PERMANENT));
$unsettoken = true;
}
// Remove token if its IP is restricted.
if (isset($token->iprestriction) and !address_in_subnet(getremoteaddr(), $token->iprestriction)) {
$unsettoken = true;
}
if ($unsettoken) {
unset($tokens[$key]);
}
}
// If some valid tokens exist then use the most recent.
if (count($tokens) > 0) {
$token = array_pop($tokens);
} else {
$context = context_system::instance();
$isofficialservice = $service->shortname == MOODLE_OFFICIAL_MOBILE_SERVICE;
if (($isofficialservice and has_capability('moodle/webservice:createmobiletoken', $context)) or
(!is_siteadmin($USER) && has_capability('moodle/webservice:createtoken', $context))) {
// Create a new token.
$token = new stdClass;
$token->token = md5(uniqid(rand(), 1));
$token->userid = $USER->id;
$token->tokentype = EXTERNAL_TOKEN_PERMANENT;
$token->contextid = context_system::instance()->id;
$token->creatorid = $USER->id;
$token->timecreated = time();
$token->externalserviceid = $service->id;
// By default tokens are valid for 12 weeks.
$token->validuntil = $token->timecreated + $CFG->tokenduration;
$token->iprestriction = null;
$token->sid = null;
$token->lastaccess = null;
// Generate the private token, it must be transmitted only via https.
$token->privatetoken = random_string(64);
$token->id = $DB->insert_record('external_tokens', $token);
$eventtoken = clone $token;
$eventtoken->privatetoken = null;
$params = array(
'objectid' => $eventtoken->id,
'relateduserid' => $USER->id,
'other' => array(
'auto' => true
)
);
$event = \core\event\webservice_token_created::create($params);
$event->add_record_snapshot('external_tokens', $eventtoken);
$event->trigger();
} else {
throw new moodle_exception('cannotcreatetoken', 'webservice', '', $service->shortname);
}
}
return $token;
}
/**
* Set the last time a token was sent and trigger the \core\event\webservice_token_sent event.
*
* This function is used when a token is generated by the user via login/token.php or admin/tool/mobile/launch.php.
* In order to protect the privatetoken, we remove it from the event params.
*
* @param stdClass $token token object
* @since Moodle 3.2
*/
function external_log_token_request($token) {
< global $DB;
> global $DB, $USER;
$token->privatetoken = null;
// Log token access.
$DB->set_field('external_tokens', 'lastaccess', time(), array('id' => $token->id));
$params = array(
'objectid' => $token->id,
);
$event = \core\event\webservice_token_sent::create($params);
$event->add_record_snapshot('external_tokens', $token);
$event->trigger();
>
}
> // Check if we need to notify the user about the new login via token.
> $loginip = getremoteaddr();
/**
> if ($USER->lastip != $loginip &&
* Singleton to handle the external settings.
> ((!WS_SERVER && !CLI_SCRIPT && NO_MOODLE_COOKIES) || PHPUNIT_TEST)) {
*
>
* We use singleton to encapsulate the "logic"
> $logintime = time();
*
> $useragent = \core_useragent::get_user_agent_string();
* @package core_webservice
> $ismoodleapp = \core_useragent::is_moodle_app();
* @copyright 2012 Jerome Mouneyrac
>
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
> // Schedule adhoc task to sent a login notification to the user.
* @since Moodle 2.3
> $task = new \core\task\send_login_notifications();
*/
> $task->set_userid($USER->id);
class external_settings {
> $task->set_custom_data(compact('ismoodleapp', 'useragent', 'loginip', 'logintime'));
> $task->set_component('core');
/** @var object the singleton instance */
> // We need sometime so the mobile app will send to Moodle the device information after login.
public static $instance = null;
> $task->set_next_run_time($logintime + (2 * MINSECS));
> \core\task\manager::reschedule_or_queue_adhoc_task($task);
/** @var boolean Should the external function return raw text or formatted */
> }
private $raw = false;
/** @var boolean Should the external function filter the text */
private $filter = false;
/** @var boolean Should the external function rewrite plugin file url */
private $fileurl = true;
/** @var string In which file should the urls be rewritten */
private $file = 'webservice/pluginfile.php';
/** @var string The session lang */
private $lang = '';
/** @var string The timezone to use during this WS request */
private $timezone = '';
/**
* Constructor - protected - can not be instanciated
*/
protected function __construct() {
if ((AJAX_SCRIPT == false) && (CLI_SCRIPT == false) && (WS_SERVER == false)) {
// For normal pages, the default should match the default for format_text.
$this->filter = true;
// Use pluginfile.php for web requests.
$this->file = 'pluginfile.php';
}
< }
<
< /**
< * Clone - private - can not be cloned
< */
< private final function __clone() {
}
/**
* Return only one instance
*
* @return \external_settings
*/
public static function get_instance() {
if (self::$instance === null) {
self::$instance = new external_settings;
}
return self::$instance;
}
/**
* Set raw
*
* @param boolean $raw
*/
public function set_raw($raw) {
$this->raw = $raw;
}
/**
* Get raw
*
* @return boolean
*/
public function get_raw() {
return $this->raw;
}
/**
* Set filter
*
* @param boolean $filter
*/
public function set_filter($filter) {
$this->filter = $filter;
}
/**
* Get filter
*
* @return boolean
*/
public function get_filter() {
return $this->filter;
}
/**
* Set fileurl
*
* @param boolean $fileurl
*/
public function set_fileurl($fileurl) {
$this->fileurl = $fileurl;
}
/**
* Get fileurl
*
* @return boolean
*/
public function get_fileurl() {
return $this->fileurl;
}
/**
* Set file
*
* @param string $file
*/
public function set_file($file) {
$this->file = $file;
}
/**
* Get file
*
* @return string
*/
public function get_file() {
return $this->file;
}
/**
* Set lang
*
* @param string $lang
*/
public function set_lang($lang) {
$this->lang = $lang;
}
/**
* Get lang
*
* @return string
*/
public function get_lang() {
return $this->lang;
}
/**
* Set timezone
*
* @param string $timezone
*/
public function set_timezone($timezone) {
$this->timezone = $timezone;
}
/**
* Get timezone
*
* @return string
*/
public function get_timezone() {
return $this->timezone;
}
}
/**
* Utility functions for the external API.
*
* @package core_webservice
* @copyright 2015 Juan Leyva
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @since Moodle 3.0
*/
class external_util {
/**
* Validate a list of courses, returning the complete course objects for valid courses.
*
* Each course has an additional 'contextvalidated' field, this will be set to true unless
* you set $keepfails, in which case it will be false if validation fails for a course.
*
* @param array $courseids A list of course ids
* @param array $courses An array of courses already pre-fetched, indexed by course id.
* @param bool $addcontext True if the returned course object should include the full context object.
* @param bool $keepfails True to keep all the course objects even if validation fails
* @return array An array of courses and the validation warnings
*/
public static function validate_courses($courseids, $courses = array(), $addcontext = false,
$keepfails = false) {
global $DB;
// Delete duplicates.
$courseids = array_unique($courseids);
$warnings = array();
// Remove courses which are not even requested.
$courses = array_intersect_key($courses, array_flip($courseids));
// For any courses NOT loaded already, get them in a single query (and preload contexts)
// for performance. Preserve ordering because some tests depend on it.
$newcourseids = [];
foreach ($courseids as $cid) {
if (!array_key_exists($cid, $courses)) {
$newcourseids[] = $cid;
}
}
if ($newcourseids) {
list ($listsql, $listparams) = $DB->get_in_or_equal($newcourseids);
// Load list of courses, and preload associated contexts.
$contextselect = context_helper::get_preload_record_columns_sql('x');
$newcourses = $DB->get_records_sql("
SELECT c.*, $contextselect
FROM {course} c
JOIN {context} x ON x.instanceid = c.id
WHERE x.contextlevel = ? AND c.id $listsql",
array_merge([CONTEXT_COURSE], $listparams));
foreach ($newcourseids as $cid) {
if (array_key_exists($cid, $newcourses)) {
$course = $newcourses[$cid];
context_helper::preload_from_record($course);
$courses[$course->id] = $course;
}
}
}
foreach ($courseids as $cid) {
// Check the user can function in this context.
try {
$context = context_course::instance($cid);
external_api::validate_context($context);
if ($addcontext) {
$courses[$cid]->context = $context;
}
$courses[$cid]->contextvalidated = true;
} catch (Exception $e) {
if ($keepfails) {
$courses[$cid]->contextvalidated = false;
} else {
unset($courses[$cid]);
}
$warnings[] = array(
'item' => 'course',
'itemid' => $cid,
'warningcode' => '1',
'message' => 'No access rights in course context'
);
}
}
return array($courses, $warnings);
}
/**
* Returns all area files (optionally limited by itemid).
*
* @param int $contextid context ID
* @param string $component component
* @param string $filearea file area
* @param int $itemid item ID or all files if not specified
* @param bool $useitemidinurl wether to use the item id in the file URL (modules intro don't use it)
* @return array of files, compatible with the external_files structure.
* @since Moodle 3.2
*/
public static function get_area_files($contextid, $component, $filearea, $itemid = false, $useitemidinurl = true) {
$files = array();
$fs = get_file_storage();
if ($areafiles = $fs->get_area_files($contextid, $component, $filearea, $itemid, 'itemid, filepath, filename', false)) {
foreach ($areafiles as $areafile) {
$file = array();
$file['filename'] = $areafile->get_filename();
$file['filepath'] = $areafile->get_filepath();
$file['mimetype'] = $areafile->get_mimetype();
$file['filesize'] = $areafile->get_filesize();
$file['timemodified'] = $areafile->get_timemodified();
$file['isexternalfile'] = $areafile->is_external_file();
if ($file['isexternalfile']) {
$file['repositorytype'] = $areafile->get_repository_type();
}
$fileitemid = $useitemidinurl ? $areafile->get_itemid() : null;
$file['fileurl'] = moodle_url::make_webservice_pluginfile_url($contextid, $component, $filearea,
$fileitemid, $areafile->get_filepath(), $areafile->get_filename())->out(false);
$files[] = $file;
}
}
return $files;
}
}
/**
* External structure representing a set of files.
*
* @package core_webservice
* @copyright 2016 Juan Leyva
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @since Moodle 3.2
*/
class external_files extends external_multiple_structure {
/**
* Constructor
* @param string $desc Description for the multiple structure.
* @param int $required The type of value (VALUE_REQUIRED OR VALUE_OPTIONAL).
*/
public function __construct($desc = 'List of files.', $required = VALUE_REQUIRED) {
parent::__construct(
new external_single_structure(
array(
'filename' => new external_value(PARAM_FILE, 'File name.', VALUE_OPTIONAL),
'filepath' => new external_value(PARAM_PATH, 'File path.', VALUE_OPTIONAL),
'filesize' => new external_value(PARAM_INT, 'File size.', VALUE_OPTIONAL),
'fileurl' => new external_value(PARAM_URL, 'Downloadable file url.', VALUE_OPTIONAL),
'timemodified' => new external_value(PARAM_INT, 'Time modified.', VALUE_OPTIONAL),
'mimetype' => new external_value(PARAM_RAW, 'File mime type.', VALUE_OPTIONAL),
'isexternalfile' => new external_value(PARAM_BOOL, 'Whether is an external file.', VALUE_OPTIONAL),
'repositorytype' => new external_value(PARAM_PLUGIN, 'The repository type for external files.', VALUE_OPTIONAL),
),
'File.'
),
$desc,
$required
);
}
/**
* Return the properties ready to be used by an exporter.
*
* @return array properties
* @since Moodle 3.3
*/
public static function get_properties_for_exporter() {
return [
'filename' => array(
'type' => PARAM_FILE,
'description' => 'File name.',
'optional' => true,
'null' => NULL_NOT_ALLOWED,
),
'filepath' => array(
'type' => PARAM_PATH,
'description' => 'File path.',
'optional' => true,
'null' => NULL_NOT_ALLOWED,
),
'filesize' => array(
'type' => PARAM_INT,
'description' => 'File size.',
'optional' => true,
'null' => NULL_NOT_ALLOWED,
),
'fileurl' => array(
'type' => PARAM_URL,
'description' => 'Downloadable file url.',
'optional' => true,
'null' => NULL_NOT_ALLOWED,
),
'timemodified' => array(
'type' => PARAM_INT,
'description' => 'Time modified.',
'optional' => true,
'null' => NULL_NOT_ALLOWED,
),
'mimetype' => array(
'type' => PARAM_RAW,
'description' => 'File mime type.',
'optional' => true,
'null' => NULL_NOT_ALLOWED,
),
'isexternalfile' => array(
'type' => PARAM_BOOL,
'description' => 'Whether is an external file.',
'optional' => true,
'null' => NULL_NOT_ALLOWED,
),
'repositorytype' => array(
'type' => PARAM_PLUGIN,
'description' => 'The repository type for the external files.',
'optional' => true,
'null' => NULL_ALLOWED,
),
];
}
}
