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Developer Documentation
See Release Notes
Long Term Support Release
- Bug fixes for general core bugs in 4.1.x will end 13 November 2023 (12 months).
- Bug fixes for security issues in 4.1.x will end 10 November 2025 (36 months).
- PHP version: minimum PHP 7.4.0 Note: minimum PHP version has increased since Moodle 4.0. PHP 8.0.x is supported too.
<?php
// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
//
// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Moodle. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
/**
* A class representing a single rating and containing some static methods for manipulating ratings
*
* @package core_rating
* @subpackage rating
* @copyright 2010 Andrew Davis
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
*/
define('RATING_UNSET_RATING', -999);
define ('RATING_AGGREGATE_NONE', 0); // No ratings.
define ('RATING_AGGREGATE_AVERAGE', 1);
define ('RATING_AGGREGATE_COUNT', 2);
define ('RATING_AGGREGATE_MAXIMUM', 3);
define ('RATING_AGGREGATE_MINIMUM', 4);
define ('RATING_AGGREGATE_SUM', 5);
define ('RATING_DEFAULT_SCALE', 5);
/**
* The rating class represents a single rating by a single user
*
* @package core_rating
* @category rating
* @copyright 2010 Andrew Davis
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
class rating implements renderable {
/**
< * @var stdClass The context in which this rating exists
> * @var context The context in which this rating exists
*/
public $context;
/**
* @var string The component using ratings. For example "mod_forum"
*/
public $component;
/**
* @var string The rating area to associate this rating with
* This allows a plugin to rate more than one thing by specifying different rating areas
*/
public $ratingarea = null;
/**
* @var int The id of the item (forum post, glossary item etc) being rated
*/
public $itemid;
/**
* @var int The id scale (1-5, 0-100) that was in use when the rating was submitted
*/
public $scaleid;
/**
* @var int The id of the user who submitted the rating
*/
public $userid;
/**
* @var stdclass settings for this rating. Necessary to render the rating.
*/
public $settings;
/**
* @var int The Id of this rating within the rating table. This is only set if the rating already exists
*/
public $id = null;
/**
* @var int The aggregate of the combined ratings for the associated item. This is only set if the rating already exists
*/
public $aggregate = null;
/**
* @var int The total number of ratings for the associated item. This is only set if the rating already exists
*/
public $count = 0;
/**
* @var int The rating the associated user gave the associated item. This is only set if the rating already exists
*/
public $rating = null;
/**
* @var int The time the associated item was created
*/
public $itemtimecreated = null;
/**
* @var int The id of the user who submitted the rating
*/
public $itemuserid = null;
/**
* Constructor.
*
* @param stdClass $options {
* context => context context to use for the rating [required]
* component => component using ratings ie mod_forum [required]
* ratingarea => ratingarea to associate this rating with [required]
* itemid => int the id of the associated item (forum post, glossary item etc) [required]
* scaleid => int The scale in use when the rating was submitted [required]
* userid => int The id of the user who submitted the rating [required]
* settings => Settings for the rating object [optional]
* id => The id of this rating (if the rating is from the db) [optional]
* aggregate => The aggregate for the rating [optional]
* count => The number of ratings [optional]
* rating => The rating given by the user [optional]
* }
*/
public function __construct($options) {
$this->context = $options->context;
$this->component = $options->component;
$this->ratingarea = $options->ratingarea;
$this->itemid = $options->itemid;
$this->scaleid = $options->scaleid;
$this->userid = $options->userid;
if (isset($options->settings)) {
$this->settings = $options->settings;
}
if (isset($options->id)) {
$this->id = $options->id;
}
if (isset($options->aggregate)) {
$this->aggregate = $options->aggregate;
}
if (isset($options->count)) {
$this->count = $options->count;
}
if (isset($options->rating)) {
$this->rating = $options->rating;
}
}
/**
* Update this rating in the database
*
* @param int $rating the integer value of this rating
*/
public function update_rating($rating) {
global $DB;
$time = time();
$data = new stdClass;
$data->rating = $rating;
$data->timemodified = $time;
$item = new stdclass();
$item->id = $this->itemid;
$items = array($item);
$ratingoptions = new stdClass;
$ratingoptions->context = $this->context;
$ratingoptions->component = $this->component;
$ratingoptions->ratingarea = $this->ratingarea;
$ratingoptions->items = $items;
$ratingoptions->aggregate = RATING_AGGREGATE_AVERAGE; // We dont actually care what aggregation method is applied.
$ratingoptions->scaleid = $this->scaleid;
$ratingoptions->userid = $this->userid;
$rm = new rating_manager();
$items = $rm->get_ratings($ratingoptions);
$firstitem = $items[0]->rating;
if (empty($firstitem->id)) {
// Insert a new rating.
$data->contextid = $this->context->id;
$data->component = $this->component;
$data->ratingarea = $this->ratingarea;
$data->rating = $rating;
$data->scaleid = $this->scaleid;
$data->userid = $this->userid;
$data->itemid = $this->itemid;
$data->timecreated = $time;
$data->timemodified = $time;
$DB->insert_record('rating', $data);
} else {
// Update the rating.
$data->id = $firstitem->id;
$DB->update_record('rating', $data);
}
}
/**
* Retreive the integer value of this rating
*
* @return int the integer value of this rating object
*/
public function get_rating() {
return $this->rating;
}
/**
* Returns this ratings aggregate value as a string.
*
* @return string ratings aggregate value
*/
public function get_aggregate_string() {
$aggregate = $this->aggregate;
$method = $this->settings->aggregationmethod;
// Only display aggregate if aggregation method isn't COUNT.
$aggregatestr = '';
if (is_numeric($aggregate) && $method != RATING_AGGREGATE_COUNT) {
if ($method != RATING_AGGREGATE_SUM && !$this->settings->scale->isnumeric) {
// Round aggregate as we're using it as an index.
$aggregatestr .= $this->settings->scale->scaleitems[round($aggregate)];
} else { // Aggregation is SUM or the scale is numeric.
$aggregatestr .= round($aggregate, 1);
}
}
return $aggregatestr;
}
/**
* Returns true if the user is able to rate this rating object
*
* @param int $userid Current user assumed if left empty
* @return bool true if the user is able to rate this rating object
*/
public function user_can_rate($userid = null) {
if (empty($userid)) {
global $USER;
$userid = $USER->id;
}
// You can't rate your item.
if ($this->itemuserid == $userid) {
return false;
}
// You can't rate if you don't have the system cap.
if (!$this->settings->permissions->rate) {
return false;
}
// You can't rate if you don't have the plugin cap.
if (!$this->settings->pluginpermissions->rate) {
return false;
}
// You can't rate if the item was outside of the assessment times.
$timestart = $this->settings->assesstimestart;
$timefinish = $this->settings->assesstimefinish;
$timecreated = $this->itemtimecreated;
if (!empty($timestart) && !empty($timefinish) && ($timecreated < $timestart || $timecreated > $timefinish)) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* Returns true if the user is able to view the aggregate for this rating object.
*
* @param int|null $userid If left empty the current user is assumed.
* @return bool true if the user is able to view the aggregate for this rating object
*/
public function user_can_view_aggregate($userid = null) {
if (empty($userid)) {
global $USER;
$userid = $USER->id;
}
// If the item doesnt belong to anyone or its another user's items and they can see the aggregate on items they don't own.
// Note that viewany doesnt mean you can see the aggregate or ratings of your own items.
if ((empty($this->itemuserid) or $this->itemuserid != $userid)
&& $this->settings->permissions->viewany
&& $this->settings->pluginpermissions->viewany ) {
return true;
}
// If its the current user's item and they have permission to view the aggregate on their own items.
if ($this->itemuserid == $userid
&& $this->settings->permissions->view
&& $this->settings->pluginpermissions->view) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Returns a URL to view all of the ratings for the item this rating is for.
*
* If this is a rating of a post then this URL will take the user to a page that shows all of the ratings for the post
* (this one included).
*
* @param bool $popup whether of not the URL should be loaded in a popup
* @return moodle_url URL to view all of the ratings for the item this rating is for.
*/
public function get_view_ratings_url($popup = false) {
$attributes = array(
'contextid' => $this->context->id,
'component' => $this->component,
'ratingarea' => $this->ratingarea,
'itemid' => $this->itemid,
'scaleid' => $this->settings->scale->id
);
if ($popup) {
$attributes['popup'] = 1;
}
return new moodle_url('/rating/index.php', $attributes);
}
/**
* Returns a URL that can be used to rate the associated item.
*
* @param int|null $rating The rating to give the item, if null then no rating param is added.
* @param moodle_url|string $returnurl The URL to return to.
* @return moodle_url can be used to rate the associated item.
*/
public function get_rate_url($rating = null, $returnurl = null) {
if (empty($returnurl)) {
if (!empty($this->settings->returnurl)) {
$returnurl = $this->settings->returnurl;
} else {
global $PAGE;
$returnurl = $PAGE->url;
}
}
$args = array(
'contextid' => $this->context->id,
'component' => $this->component,
'ratingarea' => $this->ratingarea,
'itemid' => $this->itemid,
'scaleid' => $this->settings->scale->id,
'returnurl' => $returnurl,
'rateduserid' => $this->itemuserid,
'aggregation' => $this->settings->aggregationmethod,
'sesskey' => sesskey()
);
if (!empty($rating)) {
$args['rating'] = $rating;
}
$url = new moodle_url('/rating/rate.php', $args);
return $url;
}
} // End rating class definition.
/**
* The rating_manager class provides the ability to retrieve sets of ratings from the database
*
* @package core_rating
* @category rating
* @copyright 2010 Andrew Davis
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
class rating_manager {
/**
* @var array An array of calculated scale options to save us generating them for each request.
*/
protected $scales = array();
/**
* Delete one or more ratings. Specify either a rating id, an item id or just the context id.
*
* @global moodle_database $DB
* @param stdClass $options {
* contextid => int the context in which the ratings exist [required]
* ratingid => int the id of an individual rating to delete [optional]
* userid => int delete the ratings submitted by this user. May be used in conjuction with itemid [optional]
* itemid => int delete all ratings attached to this item [optional]
* component => string The component to delete ratings from [optional]
* ratingarea => string The ratingarea to delete ratings from [optional]
* }
*/
public function delete_ratings($options) {
global $DB;
if (empty($options->contextid)) {
throw new coding_exception('The context option is a required option when deleting ratings.');
}
$conditions = array('contextid' => $options->contextid);
$possibleconditions = array(
'ratingid' => 'id',
'userid' => 'userid',
'itemid' => 'itemid',
'component' => 'component',
'ratingarea' => 'ratingarea'
);
foreach ($possibleconditions as $option => $field) {
if (isset($options->{$option})) {
$conditions[$field] = $options->{$option};
}
}
$DB->delete_records('rating', $conditions);
}
/**
* Returns an array of ratings for a given item (forum post, glossary entry etc).
*
* This returns all users ratings for a single item
*
* @param stdClass $options {
* context => context the context in which the ratings exists [required]
* component => component using ratings ie mod_forum [required]
* ratingarea => ratingarea to associate this rating with [required]
* itemid => int the id of the associated item (forum post, glossary item etc) [required]
* sort => string SQL sort by clause [optional]
* }
* @return array an array of ratings
*/
public function get_all_ratings_for_item($options) {
global $DB;
if (!isset($options->context)) {
throw new coding_exception('The context option is a required option when getting ratings for an item.');
}
if (!isset($options->itemid)) {
throw new coding_exception('The itemid option is a required option when getting ratings for an item.');
}
if (!isset($options->component)) {
throw new coding_exception('The component option is now a required option when getting ratings for an item.');
}
if (!isset($options->ratingarea)) {
throw new coding_exception('The ratingarea option is now a required option when getting ratings for an item.');
}
$sortclause = '';
if (!empty($options->sort)) {
$sortclause = "ORDER BY $options->sort";
}
$params = array(
'contextid' => $options->context->id,
'itemid' => $options->itemid,
'component' => $options->component,
'ratingarea' => $options->ratingarea,
);
$userfieldsapi = \core_user\fields::for_userpic();
$userfields = $userfieldsapi->get_sql('u', false, '', 'userid', false)->selects;
$sql = "SELECT r.id, r.rating, r.itemid, r.userid, r.timemodified, r.component, r.ratingarea, $userfields
FROM {rating} r
LEFT JOIN {user} u ON r.userid = u.id
WHERE r.contextid = :contextid AND
r.itemid = :itemid AND
r.component = :component AND
r.ratingarea = :ratingarea
{$sortclause}";
return $DB->get_records_sql($sql, $params);
}
/**
* Adds rating objects to an array of items (forum posts, glossary entries etc). Rating objects are available at $item->rating
*
* @param stdClass $options {
* context => context the context in which the ratings exists [required]
* component => the component name ie mod_forum [required]
* ratingarea => the ratingarea we are interested in [required]
* items => array items like forum posts or glossary items. Each item needs an 'id' ie $items[0]->id [required]
* aggregate => int aggregation method to apply. RATING_AGGREGATE_AVERAGE, RATING_AGGREGATE_MAXIMUM etc [required]
* scaleid => int the scale from which the user can select a rating [required]
* userid => int the id of the current user [optional]
* returnurl => string the url to return the user to after submitting a rating. Null for ajax requests [optional]
* assesstimestart => int only allow rating of items created after this timestamp [optional]
* assesstimefinish => int only allow rating of items created before this timestamp [optional]
* @return array the array of items with their ratings attached at $items[0]->rating
*/
public function get_ratings($options) {
global $DB, $USER;
if (!isset($options->context)) {
throw new coding_exception('The context option is a required option when getting ratings.');
}
if (!isset($options->component)) {
throw new coding_exception('The component option is a required option when getting ratings.');
}
if (!isset($options->ratingarea)) {
throw new coding_exception('The ratingarea option is a required option when getting ratings.');
}
if (!isset($options->scaleid)) {
throw new coding_exception('The scaleid option is a required option when getting ratings.');
}
if (!isset($options->items)) {
throw new coding_exception('The items option is a required option when getting ratings.');
} else if (empty($options->items)) {
return array();
}
if (!isset($options->aggregate)) {
throw new coding_exception('The aggregate option is a required option when getting ratings.');
} else if ($options->aggregate == RATING_AGGREGATE_NONE) {
// Ratings are not enabled.
return $options->items;
}
// Ensure average aggregation returns float.
$aggregatestr = $this->get_aggregation_method($options->aggregate);
$aggregatefield = 'r.rating';
if ($aggregatestr === 'AVG') {
$aggregatefield = "1.0 * {$aggregatefield}";
}
// Default the userid to the current user if it is not set.
if (empty($options->userid)) {
$userid = $USER->id;
} else {
$userid = $options->userid;
}
// Get the item table name, the item id field, and the item user field for the given rating item
// from the related component.
list($type, $name) = core_component::normalize_component($options->component);
$default = array(null, 'id', 'userid');
list($itemtablename, $itemidcol, $itemuseridcol) = plugin_callback($type,
$name,
'rating',
'get_item_fields',
array($options),
$default);
// Create an array of item IDs.
$itemids = array();
foreach ($options->items as $item) {
$itemids[] = $item->{$itemidcol};
}
// Get the items from the database.
list($itemidtest, $params) = $DB->get_in_or_equal($itemids, SQL_PARAMS_NAMED);
$params['contextid'] = $options->context->id;
$params['userid'] = $userid;
$params['component'] = $options->component;
$params['ratingarea'] = $options->ratingarea;
$sql = "SELECT r.id, r.itemid, r.userid, r.scaleid, r.rating AS usersrating
FROM {rating} r
WHERE r.userid = :userid AND
r.contextid = :contextid AND
r.itemid {$itemidtest} AND
r.component = :component AND
r.ratingarea = :ratingarea
ORDER BY r.itemid";
$userratings = $DB->get_records_sql($sql, $params);
$sql = "SELECT r.itemid, {$aggregatestr}({$aggregatefield}) AS aggrrating, COUNT(r.rating) AS numratings
FROM {rating} r
WHERE r.contextid = :contextid AND
r.itemid {$itemidtest} AND
r.component = :component AND
r.ratingarea = :ratingarea
GROUP BY r.itemid, r.component, r.ratingarea, r.contextid
ORDER BY r.itemid";
$aggregateratings = $DB->get_records_sql($sql, $params);
$ratingoptions = new stdClass;
$ratingoptions->context = $options->context;
$ratingoptions->component = $options->component;
$ratingoptions->ratingarea = $options->ratingarea;
$ratingoptions->settings = $this->generate_rating_settings_object($options);
foreach ($options->items as $item) {
$founduserrating = false;
foreach ($userratings as $userrating) {
// Look for an existing rating from this user of this item.
if ($item->{$itemidcol} == $userrating->itemid) {
// Note: rec->scaleid = the id of scale at the time the rating was submitted.
// It may be different from the current scale id.
$ratingoptions->scaleid = $userrating->scaleid;
$ratingoptions->userid = $userrating->userid;
$ratingoptions->id = $userrating->id;
$ratingoptions->rating = min($userrating->usersrating, $ratingoptions->settings->scale->max);
$founduserrating = true;
break;
}
}
if (!$founduserrating) {
$ratingoptions->scaleid = null;
$ratingoptions->userid = null;
$ratingoptions->id = null;
$ratingoptions->rating = null;
}
if (array_key_exists($item->{$itemidcol}, $aggregateratings)) {
$rec = $aggregateratings[$item->{$itemidcol}];
$ratingoptions->itemid = $item->{$itemidcol};
$ratingoptions->aggregate = min($rec->aggrrating, $ratingoptions->settings->scale->max);
$ratingoptions->count = $rec->numratings;
} else {
$ratingoptions->itemid = $item->{$itemidcol};
$ratingoptions->aggregate = null;
$ratingoptions->count = 0;
}
$rating = new rating($ratingoptions);
$rating->itemtimecreated = $this->get_item_time_created($item);
if (!empty($item->{$itemuseridcol})) {
$rating->itemuserid = $item->{$itemuseridcol};
}
$item->rating = $rating;
}
return $options->items;
}
/**
* Generates a rating settings object based upon the options it is provided.
*
* @param stdClass $options {
* context => context the context in which the ratings exists [required]
* component => string The component the items belong to [required]
* ratingarea => string The ratingarea the items belong to [required]
* aggregate => int Aggregation method to apply. RATING_AGGREGATE_AVERAGE, RATING_AGGREGATE_MAXIMUM etc [required]
* scaleid => int the scale from which the user can select a rating [required]
* returnurl => string the url to return the user to after submitting a rating. Null for ajax requests [optional]
* assesstimestart => int only allow rating of items created after this timestamp [optional]
* assesstimefinish => int only allow rating of items created before this timestamp [optional]
* plugintype => string plugin type ie 'mod' Used to find the permissions callback [optional]
* pluginname => string plugin name ie 'forum' Used to find the permissions callback [optional]
* }
* @return stdClass rating settings object
*/
protected function generate_rating_settings_object($options) {
if (!isset($options->context)) {
throw new coding_exception('The context option is a required option when generating a rating settings object.');
}
if (!isset($options->component)) {
throw new coding_exception('The component option is now a required option when generating a rating settings object.');
}
if (!isset($options->ratingarea)) {
throw new coding_exception('The ratingarea option is now a required option when generating a rating settings object.');
}
if (!isset($options->aggregate)) {
throw new coding_exception('The aggregate option is now a required option when generating a rating settings object.');
}
if (!isset($options->scaleid)) {
throw new coding_exception('The scaleid option is now a required option when generating a rating settings object.');
}
// Settings that are common to all ratings objects in this context.
$settings = new stdClass;
$settings->scale = $this->generate_rating_scale_object($options->scaleid); // The scale to use now.
$settings->aggregationmethod = $options->aggregate;
$settings->assesstimestart = null;
$settings->assesstimefinish = null;
// Collect options into the settings object.
if (!empty($options->assesstimestart)) {
$settings->assesstimestart = $options->assesstimestart;
}
if (!empty($options->assesstimefinish)) {
$settings->assesstimefinish = $options->assesstimefinish;
}
if (!empty($options->returnurl)) {
$settings->returnurl = $options->returnurl;
}
// Check site capabilities.
$settings->permissions = new stdClass;
// Can view the aggregate of ratings of their own items.
$settings->permissions->view = has_capability('moodle/rating:view', $options->context);
// Can view the aggregate of ratings of other people's items.
$settings->permissions->viewany = has_capability('moodle/rating:viewany', $options->context);
// Can view individual ratings.
$settings->permissions->viewall = has_capability('moodle/rating:viewall', $options->context);
// Can submit ratings.
$settings->permissions->rate = has_capability('moodle/rating:rate', $options->context);
// Check module capabilities
// This is mostly for backwards compatability with old modules that previously implemented their own ratings.
$pluginpermissionsarray = $this->get_plugin_permissions_array($options->context->id,
$options->component,
$options->ratingarea);
$settings->pluginpermissions = new stdClass;
$settings->pluginpermissions->view = $pluginpermissionsarray['view'];
$settings->pluginpermissions->viewany = $pluginpermissionsarray['viewany'];
$settings->pluginpermissions->viewall = $pluginpermissionsarray['viewall'];
$settings->pluginpermissions->rate = $pluginpermissionsarray['rate'];
return $settings;
}
/**
* Generates a scale object that can be returned
*
* @global moodle_database $DB moodle database object
* @param int $scaleid scale-type identifier
* @return stdClass scale for ratings
*/
protected function generate_rating_scale_object($scaleid) {
global $DB;
if (!array_key_exists('s'.$scaleid, $this->scales)) {
$scale = new stdClass;
$scale->id = $scaleid;
$scale->name = null;
$scale->courseid = null;
$scale->scaleitems = array();
$scale->isnumeric = true;
$scale->max = $scaleid;
if ($scaleid < 0) {
// It is a proper scale (not numeric).
$scalerecord = $DB->get_record('scale', array('id' => abs($scaleid)));
if ($scalerecord) {
// We need to generate an array with string keys starting at 1.
$scalearray = explode(',', $scalerecord->scale);
$c = count($scalearray);
for ($i = 0; $i < $c; $i++) {
// Treat index as a string to allow sorting without changing the value.
$scale->scaleitems[(string)($i + 1)] = $scalearray[$i];
}
krsort($scale->scaleitems); // Have the highest grade scale item appear first.
$scale->isnumeric = false;
$scale->name = $scalerecord->name;
$scale->courseid = $scalerecord->courseid;
$scale->max = count($scale->scaleitems);
}
} else {
// Generate an array of values for numeric scales.
for ($i = 0; $i <= (int)$scaleid; $i++) {
$scale->scaleitems[(string)$i] = $i;
}
}
$this->scales['s'.$scaleid] = $scale;
}
return $this->scales['s'.$scaleid];
}
/**
* Gets the time the given item was created
*
* TODO: MDL-31511 - Find a better solution for this, its not ideal to test for fields really we should be
* asking the component the item belongs to what field to look for or even the value we
* are looking for.
*
* @param stdClass $item
* @return int|null return null if the created time is unavailable, otherwise return a timestamp
*/
protected function get_item_time_created($item) {
if (!empty($item->created)) {
return $item->created; // The forum_posts table has created instead of timecreated.
} else if (!empty($item->timecreated)) {
return $item->timecreated;
} else {
return null;
}
}
/**
* Returns an array of grades calculated by aggregating item ratings.
*
* @param stdClass $options {
* userid => int the id of the user whose items were rated, NOT the user who submitted ratings. 0 to update all. [required]
* aggregationmethod => int the aggregation method to apply when calculating grades ie RATING_AGGREGATE_AVERAGE [required]
* scaleid => int the scale from which the user can select a rating. Used for bounds checking. [required]
* itemtable => int the table containing the items [required]
* itemtableusercolum => int the column of the user table containing the item owner's user id [required]
* component => The component for the ratings [required]
* ratingarea => The ratingarea for the ratings [required]
* contextid => int the context in which the rated items exist [optional]
* modulename => string the name of the module [optional]
* moduleid => int the id of the module instance [optional]
* }
* @return array the array of the user's grades
*/
public function get_user_grades($options) {
global $DB;
$contextid = null;
if (!isset($options->component)) {
throw new coding_exception('The component option is now a required option when getting user grades from ratings.');
}
if (!isset($options->ratingarea)) {
throw new coding_exception('The ratingarea option is now a required option when getting user grades from ratings.');
}
// If the calling code doesn't supply a context id we'll have to figure it out.
if (!empty($options->contextid)) {
$contextid = $options->contextid;
} else if (!empty($options->modulename) && !empty($options->moduleid)) {
$modulename = $options->modulename;
$moduleid = intval($options->moduleid);
// Going direct to the db for the context id seems wrong.
$ctxselect = ', ' . context_helper::get_preload_record_columns_sql('ctx');
$ctxjoin = "LEFT JOIN {context} ctx ON (ctx.instanceid = cm.id AND ctx.contextlevel = :contextlevel)";
$sql = "SELECT cm.* $ctxselect
FROM {course_modules} cm
LEFT JOIN {modules} mo ON mo.id = cm.module
LEFT JOIN {{$modulename}} m ON m.id = cm.instance $ctxjoin
WHERE mo.name=:modulename AND
m.id=:moduleid";
$params = array('modulename' => $modulename, 'moduleid' => $moduleid, 'contextlevel' => CONTEXT_MODULE);
$contextrecord = $DB->get_record_sql($sql, $params, '*', MUST_EXIST);
$contextid = $contextrecord->ctxid;
}
$params = array();
$params['contextid'] = $contextid;
$params['component'] = $options->component;
$params['ratingarea'] = $options->ratingarea;
$itemtable = $options->itemtable;
$itemtableusercolumn = $options->itemtableusercolumn;
$scaleid = $options->scaleid;
// Ensure average aggregation returns float.
$aggregationstring = $this->get_aggregation_method($options->aggregationmethod);
$aggregationfield = 'r.rating';
if ($aggregationstring === 'AVG') {
$aggregationfield = "1.0 * {$aggregationfield}";
}
// If userid is not 0 we only want the grade for a single user.
$singleuserwhere = '';
if ($options->userid != 0) {
$params['userid1'] = intval($options->userid);
$singleuserwhere = "AND i.{$itemtableusercolumn} = :userid1";
}
// MDL-24648 The where line used to be "WHERE (r.contextid is null or r.contextid=:contextid)".
// r.contextid will be null for users who haven't been rated yet.
// No longer including users who haven't been rated to reduce memory requirements.
$sql = "SELECT u.id as id, u.id AS userid, {$aggregationstring}({$aggregationfield}) AS rawgrade
FROM {user} u
LEFT JOIN {{$itemtable}} i ON u.id=i.{$itemtableusercolumn}
LEFT JOIN {rating} r ON r.itemid=i.id
WHERE r.contextid = :contextid AND
r.component = :component AND
r.ratingarea = :ratingarea
$singleuserwhere
GROUP BY u.id";
$results = $DB->get_records_sql($sql, $params);
if ($results) {
$scale = null;
$max = 0;
if ($options->scaleid >= 0) {
// Numeric.
$max = $options->scaleid;
} else {
// Custom scales.
$scale = $DB->get_record('scale', array('id' => -$options->scaleid));
if ($scale) {
$scale = explode(',', $scale->scale);
$max = count($scale);
} else {
debugging('rating_manager::get_user_grades() received a scale ID that doesnt exist');
}
}
// It could throw off the grading if count and sum returned a rawgrade higher than scale
// so to prevent it we review the results and ensure that rawgrade does not exceed the scale.
// If it does we set rawgrade = scale (i.e. full credit).
foreach ($results as $rid => $result) {
if ($options->scaleid >= 0) {
// Numeric.
if ($result->rawgrade > $options->scaleid) {
$results[$rid]->rawgrade = $options->scaleid;
}
} else {
// Scales.
if (!empty($scale) && $result->rawgrade > $max) {
$results[$rid]->rawgrade = $max;
}
}
}
}
return $results;
}
/**
* Returns array of aggregate types. Used by ratings.
*
* @return array aggregate types
*/
public function get_aggregate_types() {
return array (RATING_AGGREGATE_NONE => get_string('aggregatenone', 'rating'),
RATING_AGGREGATE_AVERAGE => get_string('aggregateavg', 'rating'),
RATING_AGGREGATE_COUNT => get_string('aggregatecount', 'rating'),
RATING_AGGREGATE_MAXIMUM => get_string('aggregatemax', 'rating'),
RATING_AGGREGATE_MINIMUM => get_string('aggregatemin', 'rating'),
RATING_AGGREGATE_SUM => get_string('aggregatesum', 'rating'));
}
/**
* Converts an aggregation method constant into something that can be included in SQL
*
* @param int $aggregate An aggregation constant. For example, RATING_AGGREGATE_AVERAGE.
* @return string an SQL aggregation method
*/
public function get_aggregation_method($aggregate) {
$aggregatestr = null;
switch($aggregate){
case RATING_AGGREGATE_AVERAGE:
$aggregatestr = 'AVG';
break;
case RATING_AGGREGATE_COUNT:
$aggregatestr = 'COUNT';
break;
case RATING_AGGREGATE_MAXIMUM:
$aggregatestr = 'MAX';
break;
case RATING_AGGREGATE_MINIMUM:
$aggregatestr = 'MIN';
break;
case RATING_AGGREGATE_SUM:
$aggregatestr = 'SUM';
break;
default:
$aggregatestr = 'AVG'; // Default to this to avoid real breakage - MDL-22270.
debugging('Incorrect call to get_aggregation_method(), incorrect aggregate method ' . $aggregate, DEBUG_DEVELOPER);
}
return $aggregatestr;
}
/**
* Looks for a callback like forum_rating_permissions() to retrieve permissions from the plugin whose items are being rated
*
* @param int $contextid The current context id
* @param string $component the name of the component that is using ratings ie 'mod_forum'
* @param string $ratingarea The area the rating is associated with
* @return array rating related permissions
*/
public function get_plugin_permissions_array($contextid, $component, $ratingarea) {
$pluginpermissionsarray = null;
// Deny by default.
$defaultpluginpermissions = array('rate' => false, 'view' => false, 'viewany' => false, 'viewall' => false);
if (!empty($component)) {
list($type, $name) = core_component::normalize_component($component);
$pluginpermissionsarray = plugin_callback($type,
$name,
'rating',
'permissions',
array($contextid, $component, $ratingarea),
$defaultpluginpermissions);
} else {
$pluginpermissionsarray = $defaultpluginpermissions;
}
return $pluginpermissionsarray;
}
/**
* Validates a submitted rating
*
* @param array $params submitted data
* context => object the context in which the rated items exists [required]
* component => The component the rating belongs to [required]
* ratingarea => The ratingarea the rating is associated with [required]
* itemid => int the ID of the object being rated [required]
* scaleid => int the scale from which the user can select a rating. Used for bounds checking. [required]
* rating => int the submitted rating
* rateduserid => int the id of the user whose items have been rated. 0 to update all. [required]
* aggregation => int the aggregation method to apply when calculating grades ie RATING_AGGREGATE_AVERAGE [optional]
* @return boolean true if the rating is valid, false if callback not found, throws rating_exception if rating is invalid
*/
public function check_rating_is_valid($params) {
if (!isset($params['context'])) {
throw new coding_exception('The context option is a required option when checking rating validity.');
}
if (!isset($params['component'])) {
throw new coding_exception('The component option is now a required option when checking rating validity');
}
if (!isset($params['ratingarea'])) {
throw new coding_exception('The ratingarea option is now a required option when checking rating validity');
}
if (!isset($params['itemid'])) {
throw new coding_exception('The itemid option is now a required option when checking rating validity');
}
if (!isset($params['scaleid'])) {
throw new coding_exception('The scaleid option is now a required option when checking rating validity');
}
if (!isset($params['rateduserid'])) {
throw new coding_exception('The rateduserid option is now a required option when checking rating validity');
}
list($plugintype, $pluginname) = core_component::normalize_component($params['component']);
// This looks for a function like forum_rating_validate() in mod_forum lib.php
// wrapping the params array in another array as call_user_func_array() expands arrays into multiple arguments.
$isvalid = plugin_callback($plugintype, $pluginname, 'rating', 'validate', array($params), null);
// If null then the callback does not exist.
if ($isvalid === null) {
$isvalid = false;
debugging('rating validation callback not found for component '. clean_param($component, PARAM_ALPHANUMEXT));
}
return $isvalid;
}
/**
* Initialises JavaScript to enable AJAX ratings on the provided page
*
* @param moodle_page $page
* @return true always returns true
*/
public function initialise_rating_javascript(moodle_page $page) {
global $CFG;
// Only needs to be initialized once.
static $done = false;
if ($done) {
return true;
}
$page->requires->js_init_call('M.core_rating.init');
$done = true;
return true;
}
/**
* Returns a string that describes the aggregation method that was provided.
*
* @param string $aggregationmethod
* @return string describes the aggregation method that was provided
*/
public function get_aggregate_label($aggregationmethod) {
$aggregatelabel = '';
switch ($aggregationmethod) {
case RATING_AGGREGATE_AVERAGE :
$aggregatelabel .= get_string("aggregateavg", "rating");
break;
case RATING_AGGREGATE_COUNT :
$aggregatelabel .= get_string("aggregatecount", "rating");
break;
case RATING_AGGREGATE_MAXIMUM :
$aggregatelabel .= get_string("aggregatemax", "rating");
break;
case RATING_AGGREGATE_MINIMUM :
$aggregatelabel .= get_string("aggregatemin", "rating");
break;
case RATING_AGGREGATE_SUM :
$aggregatelabel .= get_string("aggregatesum", "rating");
break;
}
$aggregatelabel .= get_string('labelsep', 'langconfig');
return $aggregatelabel;
}
/**
* Adds a new rating
*
* @param stdClass $cm course module object
* @param stdClass $context context object
* @param string $component component name
* @param string $ratingarea rating area
* @param int $itemid the item id
* @param int $scaleid the scale id
* @param int $userrating the user rating
* @param int $rateduserid the rated user id
* @param int $aggregationmethod the aggregation method
* @since Moodle 3.2
*/
public function add_rating($cm, $context, $component, $ratingarea, $itemid, $scaleid, $userrating, $rateduserid,
$aggregationmethod) {
global $CFG, $DB, $USER;
$result = new stdClass;
// Check the module rating permissions.
// Doing this check here rather than within rating_manager::get_ratings() so we can return a error response.
$pluginpermissionsarray = $this->get_plugin_permissions_array($context->id, $component, $ratingarea);
if (!$pluginpermissionsarray['rate']) {
$result->error = 'ratepermissiondenied';
return $result;
} else {
$params = array(
'context' => $context,
'component' => $component,
'ratingarea' => $ratingarea,
'itemid' => $itemid,
'scaleid' => $scaleid,
'rating' => $userrating,
'rateduserid' => $rateduserid,
'aggregation' => $aggregationmethod
);
if (!$this->check_rating_is_valid($params)) {
$result->error = 'ratinginvalid';
return $result;
}
}
// Rating options used to update the rating then retrieve the aggregate.
$ratingoptions = new stdClass;
$ratingoptions->context = $context;
$ratingoptions->ratingarea = $ratingarea;
$ratingoptions->component = $component;
$ratingoptions->itemid = $itemid;
$ratingoptions->scaleid = $scaleid;
$ratingoptions->userid = $USER->id;
if ($userrating != RATING_UNSET_RATING) {
$rating = new rating($ratingoptions);
$rating->update_rating($userrating);
} else { // Delete the rating if the user set to "Rate..."
$options = new stdClass;
$options->contextid = $context->id;
$options->component = $component;
$options->ratingarea = $ratingarea;
$options->userid = $USER->id;
$options->itemid = $itemid;
$this->delete_ratings($options);
}
// Future possible enhancement: add a setting to turn grade updating off for those who don't want them in gradebook.
// Note that this would need to be done in both rate.php and rate_ajax.php.
if ($context->contextlevel == CONTEXT_MODULE) {
// Tell the module that its grades have changed.
$modinstance = $DB->get_record($cm->modname, array('id' => $cm->instance));
if ($modinstance) {
$modinstance->cmidnumber = $cm->id; // MDL-12961.
$functionname = $cm->modname.'_update_grades';
require_once($CFG->dirroot."/mod/{$cm->modname}/lib.php");
if (function_exists($functionname)) {
$functionname($modinstance, $rateduserid);
}
}
}
// Object to return to client as JSON.
$result->success = true;
// Need to retrieve the updated item to get its new aggregate value.
$item = new stdClass;
$item->id = $itemid;
// Most of $ratingoptions variables were previously set.
$ratingoptions->items = array($item);
$ratingoptions->aggregate = $aggregationmethod;
$items = $this->get_ratings($ratingoptions);
$firstrating = $items[0]->rating;
// See if the user has permission to see the rating aggregate.
if ($firstrating->user_can_view_aggregate()) {
// For custom scales return text not the value.
// This scales weirdness will go away when scales are refactored.
$scalearray = null;
$aggregatetoreturn = round($firstrating->aggregate, 1);
// Output a dash if aggregation method == COUNT as the count is output next to the aggregate anyway.
if ($firstrating->settings->aggregationmethod == RATING_AGGREGATE_COUNT or $firstrating->count == 0) {
$aggregatetoreturn = ' - ';
} else if ($firstrating->settings->scale->id < 0) { // If its non-numeric scale.
// Dont use the scale item if the aggregation method is sum as adding items from a custom scale makes no sense.
if ($firstrating->settings->aggregationmethod != RATING_AGGREGATE_SUM) {
$scalerecord = $DB->get_record('scale', array('id' => -$firstrating->settings->scale->id));
if ($scalerecord) {
$scalearray = explode(',', $scalerecord->scale);
$aggregatetoreturn = $scalearray[$aggregatetoreturn - 1];
}
}
}
$result->aggregate = $aggregatetoreturn;
$result->count = $firstrating->count;
$result->itemid = $itemid;
}
return $result;
}
/**
* Get ratings created since a given time.
*
* @param stdClass $context context object
* @param string $component component name
* @param int $since the time to check
* @return array list of ratings db records since the given timelimit
* @since Moodle 3.2
*/
public function get_component_ratings_since($context, $component, $since) {
global $DB, $USER;
$ratingssince = array();
$where = 'contextid = ? AND component = ? AND (timecreated > ? OR timemodified > ?)';
$ratings = $DB->get_records_select('rating', $where, array($context->id, $component, $since, $since));
// Check area by area if we have permissions.
$permissions = array();
$rm = new rating_manager();
foreach ($ratings as $rating) {
// Check if the permission array for the area is cached.
if (!isset($permissions[$rating->ratingarea])) {
$permissions[$rating->ratingarea] = $rm->get_plugin_permissions_array($context->id, $component,
$rating->ratingarea);
}
if (($permissions[$rating->ratingarea]['view'] and $rating->userid == $USER->id) or
($permissions[$rating->ratingarea]['viewany'] or $permissions[$rating->ratingarea]['viewall'])) {
$ratingssince[$rating->id] = $rating;
}
}
return $ratingssince;
}
} // End rating_manager class definition.
/**
* The rating_exception class for exceptions specific to the ratings system
*
* @package core_rating
* @category rating
* @copyright 2010 Andrew Davis
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @since Moodle 2.0
*/
class rating_exception extends moodle_exception {
/**
* @var string The message to accompany the thrown exception
*/
public $message;
/**
* Generate exceptions that can be easily identified as coming from the ratings system
*
* @param string $errorcode the error code to generate
*/
public function __construct($errorcode) {
$this->errorcode = $errorcode;
$this->message = get_string($errorcode, 'error');
}
}
